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Water
Groundwater, making the invisible visual
50 UNESCO World Heritage sites are home to glaciers (in those 50 sites a total of 18,600 glaciers are known, covering approximately 66,000 km2), representing only about 10% of the Earth’s total glacier surface. They include, among others, the (next to Mount Everest), the longest glacier (in Alaska) and the last remaining in Africa, giving a representative review of the general scenario of glaciers in the world.
But a new study by UNESCO, in partnership with IUCN, shows that those glaciers have been retreating at an accelerating rate since 2000 due to CO2 emissions, which are raising temperatures. Lately they lose 58 billion tons of ice a year, equivalent to the combined total. the annual water intake of France and Spain, and are to blame for only about 5% of the observed global sea level rise.
The report concludes that glaciers in one-third of the 50 World Heritage sites are doomed to disappear by 2050, regardless of efforts to restrict temperature rise. But it is still imaginable to save the glaciers of the remaining two-thirds of the sites if the temperature increase does not exceed 1. 5°C compared to the pre-industrial period.
In addition to drastically reducing carbon emissions, UNESCO advocates the creation of a foreign fund for the monitoring and conservation of glaciers. Such a fund would conduct in-depth research, foster exchange networks among all stakeholders and put in place early precautionary measures and alleviate crisis threats. .
Half of humanity depends directly on glaciers as a source of water for domestic use, agriculture and energy. Glaciers are also pillars of biodiversity and feed many ecosystems.
Africa:
Asia:
Europe ×:
Latin America:
North America:
Oceania:
UNESCO thanks IUCN, ETH Zurich, the Swiss Federal Institute for Forestry, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) and the Laboratory for Geophysical and Oceanographic Space Studies (LEGOS) of the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) for their contribution to this study.
Glaciers in World Heritage were known by overlapping barriers with knowledge from the Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI) and Global Measurements of Land Ice from Space (GLIMS) knowledge bases. glacier geometry, glacier area, snow lines, supraglacial lakes and rock debris, and other glacier attributes) for more than 200,000 glaciers.
In the case of Yellowstone and its immediate surroundings, 8 glaciers (probably very small ice sheets) have been identified covering only 3 km2. The RGI and GLIMS databases are up to date so some of those very small glaciers or ice sheets possibly already disappeared, confirming our projections.
François Wibaux, f. wibaux@unesco. org, 33767015995