In a recent one published on bioRxiv’s preprint server*, Japanese researchers evaluated the virological characteristics of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant KP. 3. 1. 1.
SARS-CoV-2 BA. 2. 86. 1. 1, specifically the JN. 1 variant, outperformed XBB lineages in early 2024. It arose from the BA. 2. 86. 1 variant with an L455S substitution within the spike protein. Subvariants of JN. 1, such as KP. 2 and KP. 3, have emerged over time; those subvariants harbor R346T, F456L, and Q493E substitutions at the peak. In addition, JN. 1 subvariants, such as LB. 1, KP. 2. 3, and KP. 3. 1. 1, which have acquired a serine clearance at the peak, have been widespread since June 2024. Previously, the authors characterized the characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 variants LB. 1, KP. 2, KP. 2. 3, and KP. 3.
In the study provided, the researchers checked the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 KP. 3. 1. 1. First, they used a Bayesian multinomial logistic style to estimate the relative effective replication number (Re) of the variant based on surveillance data from the United States. United Kingdom (United Kingdom), United States (USA), Canada, Spain and France.
The Re of the KP. 3. 1. 1 variant 1. 2 times higher in Spain than that of JN. 1; is much higher than that of the LB. 1, KP. 2, KP. 2. 3 and KP. 3 variants. The Er of KP. 3. 1. 1 is more than 1. 5 times higher than that of JN. 1 in the United States, United States United Kingdom and Canada. In addition, KP. 3. 1. 1 had a much higher D than the LB. 1, KP. 2, KP. 2. 3, and KP. 3 variants in all countries. This suggests that the KP. 3. 1. 1 variant spread globally with other sublineages of JN. 1.
The team then used a lentivirus-based pseudovirus assay to understand the virological properties of the KP. 3. 1. 1 variant. HOS cells expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) (HOS-ACE2/TMPRSS2 cells) were inflamed with pseudoviruses displaying the KP spike protein. 3. 1. 1 or KP. 3. The infectivity of KP. 3. 1. 1 and KP. 3 was compared.
The researchers observed a particularly high infectivity of KP. 3. 1. 1 compared to KP. 3. In addition, they performed neutralization tests for pseudoviruses harboring the peak of KP. 3. 1. 1, KP. 2. 3, or KP. 3 compared to convalescents or vaccine serum. Convalescent sera were received from fully vaccinated Americans with breakthrough EG. 5 or XBB. 1. 5 infection.
Additionally, convalescent sera were received from donors inflamed with JN. 1 or HK. 3. Vaccine sera were collected from recipients of the monovalent XBB. 1. 5 vaccine. KP. 3. 1. 1 had a half maximum neutralization titer (NT50) 1. 4 to 1. 6 times lower than that of KP. 3 compared to all convalescent serum groups. NT50 also had a decrease than KP. 3 compared to vaccine sera. In particular, KP. 3. 1. 1 showed particularly greater resistance than KP2. 3 to convalescent sera from Americans inflamed with HK. 3 or JN. 1.
The effects imply that the SARS-CoV-2 KP. 3. 1. 1 variant has higher Re, pseudovirus infectivity, and neutralization evasion than the KP. 3 variant. This is consistent with a recent report that JN. 1 subvariants with peak serine clearance exhibit greater immune evasion and Re compared to other JN. 1 subvariants without serine clearance, highlighting the evolutionary importance of serine clearance in JN. 1 lineages. Overall, those findings have implications for measures of public adequacy, suggesting that existing methods should possibly be adapted to account for the increased transmissibility and immune evasion of the KP. 3. 1. 1 variant.
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Tarun is founded in Hyderabad, India. He has a master’s degree in biotechnology from the University of Hyderabad and is passionate about clinical studies. He likes reading scholarly articles and literature reviews and is passionate about writing.
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