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Israeli scientists have remoted two immune-formula antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients that can neutralize all known strains of SARS-CoV-2, Omicron, with an efficiency of up to 95%.
The Tel Aviv University team noted that targeted antibody treatment and its management of the frame at peak concentrations can serve as an effective replacement for vaccines, especially for at-risk populations and those with weakened immune systems.
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By employing antibody therapy, the need to give repeated booster injections to the entire population each time a new variant emerges may be eliminated, the researchers said.
The study, recently published in the journal Communications Biology, is a continuation of the initial one conducted in October 2020, at the height of the COVID-19 crisis.
At that time, the team sequenced all immune B formula cells from the blood of other people who had recovered from the original strain of COVID-19 in Israel and monitored nine antibodies produced by the patients.
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Researchers have now found that some of those antibodies are very effective at neutralizing the new variants of the coronavirus, Delta and Omicron.
“In the previous study, we showed that the other antibodies that are formed in reaction to infection with the original virus are targeted in opposite ways to other sites of the virus,” said Natalia Freund, co-director of the study.
“The maximum effective antibodies were those that bound to the ‘spike’ protein of the virus, in the same position where the tip binds to the mobile ACE2 receptor,” Freund said.
The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the spike protein for infecting and entering cells.
In the study provided, the researchers showed that two other antibodies, TAU-1109 and TAU-2310, which bind to the viral spike protein in another domain of the region where most of the antibodies were concentrated so far, are very effective in neutralizing the Delta and Omicron variants.
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“Based on our findings, the efficacy of the first antibody, TAU-1109, to neutralize the Omicron strain is 92 and to neutralize the Delta strain is 90Array,” Freund said.
“The momentary antibody, TAU-2310, neutralizes the Omicron variant with a potency of 84% and the Delta variant with a potency of 97%,” the scientist said.
According to Freund, the unexpected effectiveness of those antibodies may be similar to the evolution of the virus.
The researchers noted that the infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus increased with the variant because over time it replaced the amino acid series of the spike protein component that binds to the ACE2 receptor.
This led to an accumulation in the infectivity of the virus and, at the same time, was able to escape the herbal antibodies created as a result of the vaccines, they said.
In contrast, the TAU-1109 and TAU-2310 antibodies do not bind to the ACE2 receptor binding site, but to the spike protein region, the researchers said.
This region is a domain of the viral spike protein that, for some reason, doesn’t go through many mutations, so the new antibodies are effective at neutralizing more viral variants, they said.
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