[1] Wajahat Ali, “It’s Time to Call MAGA a National Security Threat,” The Daily Beast (September 16, 2022). Online: https://www. thedailybeast. com/its-time-to-call-maga- a-threat-to-the-nation-security
[2] Amy Goodman, “Historian of the Radical Right: Biden Is Right, Trump Poses Existential Threat to the Future of Democracy. “Democracy Now [September 9, 2022]. Online: https://www. democracynow. org/2022/9/2/biden_speech_maga_trump_democracy
[3] G. M. Tamás, “Sobre el posfascismo”. Boston Review [June 1, 2000]. Online: https://bostonreview. net/articles/g-m-tamas-post-fascism/
[4] Ibid.
[5] Quoted in Blake Hounshell, “Warnings From Authors Who Track Domestic Extremism,” New York Times (September 16, 2022). https://www. nytimes. com/2022/09/16/us/politics/domestic- warnings-of-extremism. html
[6] JE Goldstick, R. M. Cunningham, P Carter. ” Current Causes of Death in Youth and Adolescents in the United States”, New England Journal of Medicine 386 (2022), pp. 1955-1956.
[7] Dan Cassino, “Why are Republicans so focused on trans lives?The Washington Post (March 21, 2022). Online: https://www. washingtonpost. com/politics/2022/03/21/republican-trans- Sports-Texas-Idaho-LGBTQ/
[8] See Henry A. Giroux, American Nightmare: Facing the Challenge of Fascism (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2018); Carl Boggs, Fascism Old and New: American Politics at the Crossroads (New York: Routledge, 2018); (Paul Street, This Happened Here (New York: Routledge, 2021); Anthony R. DiMaggio, Rising Fascism in America: It Can Happen Here (New York: Routledge, 2021).
[9] Ruth Ben-Ghiat, “The racist demagoguery of Tucker Carlson and Trump has a fascist lineage. “Lucid Substack [May 20, 2022]. Online: https://lucid. substack. com/p/the-racist-demagoguery-of-tucker
[10] Colin P. Clarke and Tim Wilson, “Integrating Extremism: The Legacy of Far-Right Violence from the Past to the Present,” Foreign Policy Research Institute, October 11, 2022). Online: https://www. fpri . org/article/2022/10/mainstreaming-extremism-the-legacy-of-far-right-violence-from-the-past-to-the-present/
[11] Wajahat Ali, “It’s Time to Call MAGA a Threat to National Security,” The Daily Beast (September 16, 2022). Online: https://www. thedailybeast. com/its-time-to-call-maga-a-threat-to-the-nation’s security
[12] Anthony DiMaggio, “The Rise of Christian White Supremacy: The Fascist Connection”. Backlash [September 28, 2022]. Online: https://www. counterpunch. org/2022/09/28/christian-white-supremacy-rising-the-fascist-connection/
[13] Michelle R. Smith, “Michael Flynn: From the Government Insider to the Holy Warrior,” Frontline (September 7, 2022). Online: https://www. pbs. org/wgbh/frontline/article/michael- flynn-government-insider-holy-warrior/?utm_source=Iterable
[14] Ibid.
[15] Robert Reich, “Trump’s newest risk is incredible and requires 4 responses. “Common Dreams [September 16, 2022]. Online: https://www. commondreams. org/views/2022/09/16/trumps-newest-risk-doozy-and-calls for-4-responses
[16] Rex Huppke, “‘DEATH WISH’? What Trump and his hopefuls did in one weekend scares us all. USA Today (October 3, 2022). Online: https://www. usatoday. com/story/opinion/ 2022/10/03/donald-trump-death-wish-mitch-mcconnell-elaine-chao-marjorie-taylor-greene-killing-huppke/8164744001/
[17] Chris Hedges, “Let’s Avoid Pretending America is a Functioning Democracy. “Chris Hedges Substack [September 4, 2022]. Online: https://chrishedges. substack. com/p/lets-prevent-pretending-america-is-a
[18] Natasha Lennard, “She’s a (fascist) girl!” Interception [September 26, 2022]. Online: https://theintercept. com/2022/09/26/giorgia-meloni-italy-fascist/
[19] George Pendle, “They are with her: across Europe, a new far-right politics is breaking glass ceilings (among others),” Air Mail 168 (October 1, 2022). Online: https://airmail. news /issues/2022-10-1/they-with-her?campaign_id=93
[20] Ibid.
[21] Henry A. Giroux, Pedagogy of Resistance: Against Manufactured Ignorance (London: Bloomsbury, 2022).
[22] I deal with this factor in wonderful detail in Henry A. Giroux, Insurgencies: Education in an Age of Counter-Revolutionary Politics (London: Bloomsbury, 2023); see also Kelly Hayes. “Fascism has become widespread. ” Truthout [September 9, 2022]. Online: https://truthout. org/audio/fascism-has-gone-mainstream/
[23] See in Brad Evans’ paintings of violence, adding his history of violence site. See: https://www. historiesofviolence. com/conversations
[24] Toni Morrison, “Racism and Fascism,” The Journal of Negro Education (Summer 1995). pp. 384-385. Online: https://www. leeannhunter. com/gender/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Morrison-article. pdf
[25] Benay Blend, “Biden’s Battle for the ‘Soul of America’: On the Call for the Rise of Fascism at Home, But What Happens Abroad?”The Chronicle of Palestine [September 12, 2022]. Online: https://www. palestinechronicle. com/bidens-battle-for-the-soul-of-america-on-calling-out-the-rising-fascism-at-at home-but-and-abroad/
[26] Ellen Willis, Don’t Think, Mouse: Notes on a Decade of Denial (Boston: Beacon Press, 1999), p. 13.
[27] Stanley Aronowitz, “What kind of left does America need? Tikkun, April 14, 2014.
http://www. tikkun. org/nextgen/what-kind-of-left-does-america-need; Angela Davis on Amy Goodman, “Angela Davis on Abolition, Calls for Police Funding, Racist Statues Toppled, and Voting in the 2020 Election,” Democracy Now (July 3, 2020). Online: https://www. democracynow. org/2020 /7/3/angela_davis_on_abolition_calls_to; Barbara Epstein, “Prospects for a Resurgence of the American Left”, Tikkun, Vol. 29, no. 2. Spring 2014. p. 41-44.