Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In Germany, the death rate from COVID-19 between January 2020 and February 2021 was less than 0. 1% among Americans under the age of 50. age.
However, the situation in nursing homes was very different, with a mortality rate reaching 13%. That’s why this organization prioritized vaccination, which began in December 2020 in Germany.
Study: Severe Outcomes, Viral Load, and Secondary Attack Rate of Two Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine: Evidence from a SARS-CoV-2 Alpha Outbreak in a Nursing Home, Osnabrueck, Germany, January-March 2021. Image credit: SeventyFour/ShutterstockArraycom
This news article is a review of an initial clinical report that had not been peer-reviewed at the time of publication. Since its initial publication, the clinical report has been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication in a clinical journal. Links to the initial reports and peer-reviewed reports can be found in the Sources section at the end of this article. View Sources
A new study published on the preprint server medRxiv* looks at the epidemiology of the epidemic in German nursing homes and the preventive measures taken. The researchers also decided the vaccine’s efficacy (VE) against the Alpha variant of SARS-CoV-2 by analyzing its effect on severe outcomes requiring hospitalization or resulting in death. In addition, the effect of the vaccine on viral load and secondary transmission was also analyzed.
This retrospective cohort study included all members and Americans living permanently or as day citizens in a nursing home who tested positive for COVID-19 using the opposite transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test between early January and mid-January 2021.
The retirement home included a nursery with a capacity for 24 people, as well as seven permanent care rooms with one hundred residents. A total of 128 members were related to the facility, all of whom were included in this study.
In this study cohort, 77% of citizens and 56% of them were vaccinated with BNT162b. All members were vaccinated in early and late January 2021, maintaining a three-week period between the first and second doses.
The average age of staff is 49 years, while the average age of citizens is 87 years. A total of 77 per cent of the citizens included in this study were men and 88 per cent of the staff were women.
The estimated EV of this study was lower than that of the population-based cohort study conducted in Israel, which found an EV of 93% for death and 96% for hospitalization. The existing study found that the age-adjusted VE of two doses of BNT162b vaccine were moderate against infection and particularly high against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, the authors noted that some of the vaccinated people who contracted SARS-CoV-2 were diagnosed within 7 to 11 days of infection. timing of vaccination. This result indicates that people who were fully immunized and had enough time to develop antibodies were more resistant to the Alpha variant of SARS-CoV-2.
This study also found that no significant increase in vaccine efficacy was observed when the period between the first and second dose of the vaccine increased. This report is consistent with the findings of the UK cohort analysis.
The researchers used Ct values to reflect viral load after vaccination. The current study found that Ct values at diagnosis were higher with longer periods after the second dose of the vaccine compared to the unvaccinated group. This finding does not examine the past, which reported viral load relief 4 weeks after the first vaccination.
Although transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was reduced, one of the main forms of infection was prevalent among people in close contact with other people vaccinated with a COVID-19 advance. This finding is consistent with previous studies that reported an increased risk of infection among family members. of healthcare workers with breakthrough infections vaccinated with BNT162b2. Secondary infection: 22% in families of vaccinated people and 67. 7% in families of unvaccinated inflamed staff.
One of the main strengths of this study is the regular PCR test every 5 to 6 days of the study period. This minimized the chances of error by excluding asymptomatic cases. In most previous studies, in similar settings, an underestimation of asymptomatic cases was observed. Infection occurred.
Some of the limitations of this study stem from the small duration of the pattern and the exclusion of threat points, such as underlying chronic diseases. The effect of adherence to all non-pharmaceutical preventive measures has played a vital role in controlling the disease. This, therefore, may simply lead to a bias in EV estimation. Another limitation of this study is the inability to know whether the number one and secondary infections were related, since either infection was caused by the same viral strains.
The authors of this study claim that regular PCR tests can help isolate other inflamed people in a designated room. People in contact with those patients also deserve to be quarantined early on to prevent the spread of the disease.
The current study highlighted the importance of two doses of the vaccine. People who were fully vaccinated against BNT162b had reduced viral load and secondary transmission. In addition, a reduction in the severity of infection was observed with an alleviation in hospitalization and mortality.
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Priyom holds a PhD in Plant Biology and Biotechnology from the University of Madras, India. She is an active and experienced writer. Priyom has also co-authored several original articles that have been published in reputable peer-reviewed journals. She is also an avid reader and amateur photographer.
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