On 1st November Algiers hosted the 31st Arab Summit consultation for the fourth time (1973-1988-2005). The last Arab summit was held in Tunis in March 2019, with the Algerian consultation originally scheduled for the following year but postponed due to the global pandemic. The Council of Arab Foreign Ministers approved Algeria’s proposal to hold the summit on 1 November 2022, coinciding with the 68th anniversary of Algeria’s launch of Algeria’s struggle for independence from France in 1954. At the most sensible moment of the summit on the table were the Palestinian factor and the crises in Syria, Yemen, Libya, Iraq and Sudan, not forgetting the war in Ukraine and its repercussions in the Arab region.
Disputes between Arab leaders overshadowed the Algiers summit, most of which involved Syria’s return to the Arab League. Algeria, supported by several other states, including Iraq, Lebanon and Jordan, led the effort to repair the Syrian club, while other countries, mainly Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Egypt, objected to the situations that led to the suspension of the Syrian club. in the end. from 2011 have not changed. Due to the war of words over the factor, Algeria abandoned its recovery attempts as the summit approached. Syrian Foreign Minister Faisal Mekdad told his Algerian counterpart Ramtane Lamamra that Syria did not like to raise the factor of resuming its seat in the Arab League at the Algerian summit, after unsuccessful efforts to do so. respect. [1] The differences also gave the impression between Algeria and Morocco in the context of the preparation of the summit; Diplomatic relations were severed between the two countries in August 2021, following disputes over Western Sahara and normalization with Israel. [2]
The Palestinian question, which has governed the debates at successive Arab summits, has seen a significant setback in Arab positions. Since the last Tunis summit in 2019, four Arab countries have normalized with Israel in flagrant violation of the Arab peace initiative followed through Arab countries. held in Lebanon in 2002, where Arab leaders affirmed “their commitment to suspend the maintenance of all with Israel and to reactivate the Office for the Arab Boycott of Israel until Israel complies with applicable United Nations resolutions and with the Madrid mandate. “Peace Conference and withdraws absolutely from all occupied Arab territories line of June four 1967. ” [3]
On the other hand, the Arab summit held in Algeria following a new reconciliation agreement reached between Palestinian factions under the auspices of Algeria in October 2022, represented in the “Algiers Declaration”, for Palestinian unity. Greater than previous agreements, it has helped to bring the Palestinian factor back into the Arab spotlight. The summit also followed the Gulf reconciliation agreement signed in Al-Ula, Saudi Arabia, in January 2021, which ended Qatar’s nearly four years. blockade. [4]
Externally, the 2022 summit took a stand after the Covid-19 pandemic plunged multilateral foreign cooperation into a crisis exacerbated by the unilateralist and selfish policies of many states. More recently, the Russian-Ukrainian war has presented new global challenges, in terms of energy and food supplies. Moreover, the increasing intensity of global polarization in recent years weighs on the entire region given the complexity of Arab relations with competing primary powers and how developing conflicts of interest have shaken old alliances.
Algeria and the General Secretariat of the Arab League were seeking an Arab summit attended by top Arab leaders, especially after a three-year postponement. However, the point of representation at the summit, in addition to the low participation of Saudi Arabia, differed little. of past Arab summits. The summit brought together the leaders of nine countries, plus the Algerian president: the Emir of Qatar and the presidents of Egypt, Palestine, Mauritania, Iraq, Tunisia, Comoros, Somalia and Djibouti. The heads of the presidential councils of Sudan, Yemen and Lithrougha participated, as well as the Vice President of the United Arab Emirates and the Crown Princes of Kuwait and Jordan. Lebanon represented through its Prime Minister, while Bahrain and Oman sent their Deputy Prime Ministers, and Saudi Arabia and Morocco were represented through the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Palestine spearheaded this year’s summit agfinisha, basically because of humanitarian and security developments since the last Arab summit in 2019, and the unprecedented aggression practiced by the Israeli profession against Palestinians. The problems that still stand out are ongoing colonization policies, Judaization policies, continued displacement, repeated violations of the sanctity of holy sites and the intensification of the siege of Gaza, in addition to the shift of some Arab countries to normalization. with Israel, which has been negative for Palestine, squandering its historical position as a symbol of Arab unity. On this basis, the end of the summit highlighted “the centrality of the Palestinian cause, aiding the Arab Peace Initiative of 2000 as a strategic option to end the Israeli profession of all Arab lands and achieve peace. “[5] He also underlined his support for the State of Palestine’s bid to become a full member of the UN and the desire to unify Arab efforts to achieve Palestinian unity within the framework of the summit’s 2022 “Algeria Declaration”.
As for other Arab issues, the summit discussed Arab national security, this time focusing on economic security, in the context of energy and food shortages as a result of the Russian war against Ukraine. Allocation of economic integration according to a comprehensive vision that ensures the optimal exploitation of the parts of the Arab economies and the valuable opportunities they offer. The goal would be to fully convert the Greater Arab Free Trade Area with a view to the creation of the Arab Customs Union. power security and address climate change.
The summit also discussed Libya, Yemen, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Somalia, and renewed calls for a unified Arab position and coordinated efforts for a non-violent settlement of the conflicts tearing those countries apart and rejecting any form of external interference within. Arab State affairs. In line with the culture of past summits, the factor of activating Joint Arab Action governed much of the discussion, with specific emphasis on developing the functioning mechanisms of the Arab League and creating new bodies to deal with emerging problems.
The high-level proposals made by Algerian President Abdelmadjid Tebboune, which aim to activate “the role of the Arab League in the prevention and resolution of conflicts, the consolidation of popular size and the strengthening of the position of young people and innovation in joint Arab action. “[7] The extra was kind to the united Arab help for the organization of the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar, and their total confidence in their ability to host a perfect tournament. “Opposed to Qatar since it won the right to host the tournament.
With regard to relations between Arab and neighbouring countries, and Arab external relations, the participants under pressure want to build healthy and balanced relations between the Arab States and the external community, adding to their Islamic, African and Euro-Mediterranean communities, based on respect for intelligent neighbourhood, trust, fruitful cooperation and mutual commitment, principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, the first of which is respect for the sovereignty of States and non-interference in their internal affairs. [8] In particular, the present here does not refer to express regional or foreign powers, despite their implicit interference in Arab regional affairs. Algeria seems to have insisted that the clause included in the declaration deserves to be general and not express.
The summit was an opportunity for Arab countries to explain a position on the crisis of the external formula. Consequently, the final declaration called for addressing these imbalances in the design of the external formula within the framework of a technique that guarantees parity among all countries and puts an end to the marginalization of emerging countries, stressing the need for Arab countries to participate in the progression of a new external formula as harmonious and unified countries.
With regard to the war in Ukraine, calls on Arab countries to reject the use of force and to seek peace by associating the Arab Ministerial Contact Group with foreign efforts to formulate a political solution to the crisis in accordance with the principles of the Charter of the United Nations. of the United Nations and taking into account the security considerations of the components involved. TheArray in this regard, did not refer to the components of the conflict, nor did it mention the Western sponsors of Russia or Ukraine, allegedly in an attempt to maintain their lack of component. and avoid dividing the Arab ranks. The help expressed by what he called the balanced policy followed through the OPEC alliance, to ensure the stability of global energy markets and the sustainability of investments in this sensitive sector as part of an economic technique that guarantees coverage. of oil interests. -Both oil-producing and oil-consuming countries.
The Algiers 2022 summit is nothing ordinary compared to previous sessions, either in terms of attendance or the recommendations of the final communiqué. Moreover, the implementation of the conclusions of the declaration remains conditional on Algeria’s ability to follow up as President of the Council of the League until the next Arab summit, that is, with regard to the implementation of Palestinian reconciliation. agreement, a cause that Algeria is enthusiastic to pursue. and the resolution of protracted Arab crises from Syria and Iraq to Yemen and Libya. However, this alone will not be enough unless the member states of the Arab League can unite their wills and unite to close the existing fissures within the Arab network itself. Only in this way will they be able to embark on the path of strengthening joint action and achieving unified prestige in the nascent external system.
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