This year’s state legislative sessions are almost over. And when it comes to voting and election politics, headlines have largely focused on a new wave of restrictive election legislation passed in giant Republican-led states like Florida, Texas and Ohio. as well as sweeping legislation passed in Democratic-led states. adding Michigan, Minnesota and New York.
But the progression has gone unnoticed, one that would arguably be just as indicative of the priorities that motivate lawmakers to vote in many states.
Eight states (Tennessee, West Virginia, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Hawaii, Arkansas, Indiana and Alabama) had voter turnout rates below 50% on average between the last two national elections.
Lower participation rates
The 8 states with average participation rates below 50%*
* on the 2020 and 2022 elections
However, those states have done almost nothing this year to encourage turnout, according to an investigation by the States Press Room into new election laws and policies (though one, Hawaii, has made significant reforms in previous sessions). In the opposite direction, imposing new restrictions that will most likely only make voting more difficult.
Because those 8 states are typically small or medium-sized, and none is an swing state (Hawaii is dark blue, while the others are solid red), their electoral policies tend to attract less national attention than their larger, more competitive states. Counterparts
But they are home to some 32 million people. And, by settling for low voting rates, they weaken American democracy as a whole.
Participation rates are vital to the adequacy of a democracy, because the higher the voting rate, the better the outcome will reflect the will of others and the more legitimacy it will have. This is especially true because participation rates vary by age. , race, source of income level, etc.
The effects underscore how harsh it can be as hard as active voter suppression. Lawmakers in some of those states don’t recognize their low turnout as a problem: Top election officials in several have said encouraging voting is not their job.
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American democracy has a turnout problem, election experts warn.
In the 2020 election, nearly two-thirds of eligible voters cast their ballots, the highest rate in decades. However, it ranked U. S. places with much weaker democratic traditions such as Indonesia, the Philippines, Brazil, Hungary and Slovenia.
Midterm elections in the United States have even lower voting rates. In 2022, only 46% of the eligible electorate participated. And it is superior to all, but after the middle of this century.
Many points of participation, from the attractiveness of possible survey options to the effectiveness of campaigns to mobilize supporters. But sometimes speaking, states with more voter-friendly regulations have a tendency to see higher turnout than states with more restrictive regulations.
In 2022, Oregon, which made voting less difficult than any other state that year, according to an accredited rating system, had the country’s turnout, more than double that of Tennessee, which ranked 38th in ease of voting.
Six of the 8 states with the lowest voting rates in the states’ newsroom research ranked 35th or lower for ease of voting, as measured through a voting load index.
This correlation between ease of voting and turnout gives lawmakers and election officials in states with low turnout a transparent path to begin solving the problem: getting to vote.
But a close look at what those 8 worst-performing states have done this year shows that, with one exception, softening the vote is not the path they’re following.
Average voter turnout in the two elections: 45. 4% (50 out of 50)
Rating of polling facilities: out of 50
After a midterm election in which turnout fell to just 31. 3% (less than 1 in 3 eligible voters), the voluntary state approved two election expenditures this year, neither of which is very likely to have a particular turnout. In addition, lawmakers introduced several restrictive measures, adding one, temporarily withdrawn, that would have eliminated early voting in the state.
Secretary of State Tre Hargett, a Republican, said she has partnered with businesses, sports teams, chambers of commerce and nonprofits to announce the vote. It also runs outreach systems that encourage top students from eligible schools and schools to register to vote.
Julia Bruck, a spokeswoman for Hargett, attributed Tennessee’s low voting rates to a lack of contests.
“Competitive races drive participation, not referees,” Bruck said by email. “Tennessee hasn’t noticed as many competitive races across the state. “
When asked why Tennessee’s participation lags even other states with a lack of competitive races, Bruck did not answer.
Average voter turnout in the two elections: 46. 2% (49 out of 50)
Rating of polling facilities: out of 50
The mountainous state has passed only one election bill this session, which is unlikely to have an effect on primary turnout. The League of Women Voters of West Virginia wrote in a February letter to lawmakers that the state’s regulations presented “many barriers. “and called for greater access.
“The legislator has proposed such improvements,” the organization added.
West Virginia joined several other GOP-led states in withdrawing from the Electronic Records Information Center, an interstate pact for sharing voter data, after right-wing activists accused the group of partisan bias. Experts said leaving ERIC will make it harder to maintain accurate voter lists.
Secretary of State Mac Warner, a Republican, is in no hurry to encourage voting in the state. Testifying before Congress in April, Warner said West Virginia has “perhaps the maximum productive balance” in the country between elections and election security, and called for an end to the federal requirement that state motor vehicle departments offer voter registration, the most popular way for new voters to register.
Apparently, Warner said it was not his job to encourage participation. “It’s the task of a candidate, a party or a crusade to get the electorate out,” he said. “It is my job to organize free, fair and blank elections. “. “
Warner’s did not respond to a request for comment on efforts to increase participation.
TRUSTED SUPPORT NEWS.
Average voter turnout in the two elections: 46. 4% (48 out of 50)
Rating of polling facilities: out of 50
Magnolia State passed 3 electoral offices this year, two of which have more limited access (the third will likely have little impact on turnout). One makes it less difficult for election officials to remove voters from the rolls, while the other prohibits “ballot picking,” in which third parties, local networking organizations, collect mailed ballots from the electorate and mail them or take them to election offices. Voter advocacy teams said the ban, which is being challenged by the ACLU as a violation of the Voting Rights Act, will make it harder to vote for older voters and other people with disabilities, among others.
After turnout in last June’s primary fell to just 11 percent, Secretary of State Michael Watson, a Republican, called the figure “discouraging” and led voter registration drives for major school and football games and elsewhere.
Watson’s did not respond to a request for comment on other tactics to increase participation.
Average voter turnout in the two elections: 47. 7% (47 out of 50)
Rating of polling facilities: out of 50
The state previously approved five electoral offices this session. None appear to have an impact on primary participation, but one suggests an aversion to efforts to expand access: It’s much harder for Oklahoma to enroll in ERIC or any other. an interstate compact that, like ERIC, requires reaching eligible but unregistered voters, a key element in the decisions of some other Republican states to leave ERIC.
Another new law requires the state to download the death certificate from the Social Security Administration to identify registered voters who may have died, and then work with local election officials to remove them from the rolls.
The Oklahoma Board of Elections did not respond to a request for comment on efforts to increase turnout.
Average voter turnout in the two elections: 48. 2% (46 out of 50)
Polling facilities rating: 4th out of 50
The state of Aloha has passed only one election bill this session, which is unlikely to have a particular turnout.
But Hawaii stands out from the top-performing states because it implemented reforms in recent years, giving it an incredibly voter-friendly formula today. In 2019, it switched to universal postal elections and in 2021, automatic voter registration followed. It also doesn’t matter – registration day, on which the electorate can register to vote.
Although Hawaii’s 2020 voter turnout of 55. 2% was the lowest in the country, the state also recorded the highest turnout compared to the last presidential election, when turnout was just 42. 5%.
This suggests that the new vote-by-mail formula has the potential to make significant innovations over time. Automatic voter registration has also helped encourage turnout in other states, but it has taken at least one cycle to make an impact.
However, some election officials do not seem interested in the recovery. The lead election manager of Honolulu County, where more than two-thirds of Hawaiians live, said, as one local columnist paraphrased, that “it’s not up to the government to get other people to vote. “
“People vote because they’re motivated or optimistic, or because they’re passionate about issues or candidates,” administrator Rex Quidilla said last year.
Average voter turnout in the two elections: 48. 7% (45 out of 50)
Rating of polling facilities: out of 50
Arkansas approved 16 election spending this session. And yet, despite the state’s third-lowest participation rating, none aimed to expand access in particular. In fact, taken together, they will most likely make voting even more difficult.
One measure creates a burglary penalty for election officials who send voters mail polls or unsolicited mail-in poll requests; State law already prohibited them from doing so. Another creates an “election integrity unit” to investigate election crimes, and a third bans the use of voting boxes.
However, another amends the state charter to require the secretary of state to do more to remove ineligible voters from the rolls, adding the creation of a citizenship verification system. And a fifth extends the ban on accepting cash from outside teams to help organize elections. It’s a factor being addressed through the Republicans’ national budget provided through an organization funded in part through a one-time donation in 2020 through Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, who played a key role in ensuring the 2020 election went smoothly despite the covid-19 pandemic. .
Secretary of State John Thurston, a Republican, has warned that expansion is not a very sensible priority. “You have to own your vote,” he said last year. “We need it to be convenient, but hard to fool. Accuracy is more vital than convenience.
Thurston’s did not respond to a request for comment on efforts to increase participation.
Average voter turnout in the two elections: 49. 1% (44 out of 50)
Rating of polling facilities: out of 50
The state of Hoosier approved two primary election expenditures this year, either of which may further restrict voting. One makes it difficult for local governments to pass their own electoral reforms without state approval; This comes after cities across the country discovered cutting-edge tactics to expand into voting. The other affects the ability to vote more directly: it prohibits the submission of unsolicited vote-by-mail requests and requires voters requesting mail-in voting to present additional credentials.
Secretary of State Diego Morales, a Republican, has campaigned for a series of new election restrictions but has subsidized most of them since taking office in January.
Morales’ spokeswoman, Lindsey Eaton, said via email that the secretary of state had requested and secured a special investment from the legislature to reach voters, and had also tentatively won a federal grant to use on a component to reach voters.
It is also running with the Indiana Broadcasters Association on a public data crusade to announce the vote. And Morales announced plans to conduct voter outreach activities at county fairs in all 92 counties in the state.
“As the first Latino elected to a workplace in the entire state of Indiana, expanding voter turnout in the state remains a very sensible precedent for Secretary Morales,” Eaton said.
Alabama
Average voter turnout in the two elections: 49. 8% (43 out of 50)
Rating of polling facilities: out of 50
The Yellowhammer state legislature adjourned in early June without passing an election bill. A measure Democrats and civil rights teams have called voter suppression passed the state House of Representatives but, unexpectedly, failed to get a vote in the Senate. The bill would have made it a crime to assist a voter vote by mail, provide exceptions for family members and some others.
Like Warner in West Virginia, Secretary of State Wes Allen, a Republican who denied the results of the 2020 election, rejects the idea that he inspired the vote. Allen got rid of Alabama from ERIC on his first day in the office and explained that he did it in part. because ERIC calls on states to contact eligible but unregistered voters and urge them to register.
“Our task is to help give (local election officials and law enforcement) the resources they need to make sure our elections are conducted as safely, safely and transparently as possible,” Allen said shortly afterward. “Our job is not to fire other people That’s the job of applicants: to get other people excited about going to the polls.
Allen’s did not respond to a request for comment on efforts to increase participation.
Participation rate:
For state turnout rates, the States Newsroom used figures collected through the U. S. Elections Project. The study was led by Michael McDonald, a political scientist at the University of Florida. of the percentage of a state’s population that may have voted legally.
No election provides a perfectly fair comparison of state turnout, as electoral contests and their point of competitiveness vary from year to year, affecting turnout. As a result, the average is made up of each state’s participation rates in the last two national elections: 2020, when a presidential race is also in the poll, and 2022, a non-presidential year.
New electoral laws:
To locate new state election legislation passed this year, the States Newsroom used the State Voting Rights Tracker, run through the Voting Rights Lab. The Tracker allows users to track the election law filed at the state point and provides brief descriptions of the bill.
Ease of voting:
To measure the fluidity of voting in a state, the States Newsroom used the Cost of Voting Index, a formula developed by Scot Schraufnagel, professor of political science at Northern Illinois University, Michael Pomante, associate of studies at the United Democracy Center, a democracy advocacy group, and Quan Li, a knowledge scientist at Catalist. that manages knowledge for progressive organizations.
The index, which was used through The New York Times to compare state voting policies, provides each state with a numerical score based on several factors. These include whether a state provides automatic, same-day, and/or online voter registration; whether and how much early voting a state provides; whether a state allows voters to vote by mail without excuse; how long the state electorate has to queue to vote; how restrictive a state’s voter identity regulations are; and whether a state makes Election Day a holiday.
by Zachary Roth, Louisiana Illuminator June 17, 2023
This year’s state legislative sessions are almost over. And when it comes to voting and election politics, headlines have largely focused on a new wave of restrictive election legislation passed in giant Republican-led states like Florida, Texas and Ohio. as well as sweeping legislation passed in Democratic-led states. adding Michigan, Minnesota and New York.
But the progression has gone unnoticed, one that would arguably be just as indicative of the priorities that motivate lawmakers to vote in many states.
Eight states (Tennessee, West Virginia, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Hawaii, Arkansas, Indiana and Alabama) had voter turnout rates below 50% on average between the last two national elections.
Lower participation rates
The 8 states with average participation rates below 50%*
* on the 2020 and 2022 elections
However, those states have done almost nothing this year to encourage turnout, according to an investigation by the States Press Room into new election laws and policies (though one, Hawaii, has made significant reforms in previous sessions). In the opposite direction, imposing new restrictions that will most likely only make voting more difficult.
Because those 8 states are typically small or medium-sized, and none is an swing state (Hawaii is dark blue, while the others are solid red), their electoral policies tend to attract less national attention than their larger, more competitive states. Counterparts
But they are home to some 32 million people. And, by settling for low voting rates, they weaken American democracy as a whole.
Participation rates are vital to the adequacy of a democracy, because the higher the voting rate, the better the outcome will reflect the will of others and the more legitimacy it will have. This is especially true because participation rates vary by age. , race, source of income level, etc.
The effects underscore how harsh it can be as hard as active voter suppression. Lawmakers in some of those states don’t recognize their low turnout as a problem: Top election officials in several have said encouraging voting is not their job.
Get the morning headlines in your inbox
American democracy has a turnout problem, election experts warn.
In the 2020 election, nearly two-thirds of eligible voters cast their ballots, the highest rate in decades. However, it ranked U. S. places with much weaker democratic traditions such as Indonesia, the Philippines, Brazil, Hungary and Slovenia.
Midterm elections in the United States have even lower voting rates. In 2022, only 46% of the eligible electorate participated. And it is superior to all, but after the middle of this century.
Many points of participation, from the attractiveness of possible survey options to the effectiveness of campaigns to mobilize supporters. But sometimes speaking, states with more voter-friendly regulations have a tendency to see higher turnout than states with more restrictive regulations.
In 2022, Oregon, which made voting less difficult than any other state that year, according to an accredited rating system, had the country’s turnout, more than double that of Tennessee, which ranked 38th in ease of voting.
Six of the 8 states with the lowest voting rates in the states’ newsroom research ranked 35th or lower for ease of voting, as measured through a voting load index.
This correlation between ease of voting and turnout gives lawmakers and election officials in states with low turnout a transparent path to begin solving the problem: getting to vote.
But a close look at what those 8 worst-performing states have done this year shows that, with one exception, softening the vote is not the path they’re following.
Average voter turnout in the two elections: 45. 4% (50 out of 50)
Rating of polling facilities: out of 50
After a midterm election in which turnout fell to just 31. 3% (less than 1 in 3 eligible voters), the voluntary state approved two election expenditures this year, neither of which is very likely to have a particular turnout. In addition, lawmakers introduced several restrictive measures, adding one, temporarily withdrawn, that would have eliminated early voting in the state.
Secretary of State Tre Hargett, a Republican, said she has partnered with businesses, sports teams, chambers of commerce and nonprofits to announce the vote. It also runs outreach systems that encourage top students from eligible schools and schools to register to vote.
Julia Bruck, a spokeswoman for Hargett, attributed Tennessee’s low voting rates to a lack of contests.
“Competitive races drive participation, not referees,” Bruck said by email. “Tennessee hasn’t noticed as many competitive races across the state. “
When asked why Tennessee’s participation lags even other states with a lack of competitive races, Bruck did not answer.
Average voter turnout in the two elections: 46. 2% (49 out of 50)
Rating of polling facilities: out of 50
The mountainous state has passed only one election bill this session, which is unlikely to have an effect on primary turnout. The League of Women Voters of West Virginia wrote in a February letter to lawmakers that the state’s regulations presented “many barriers. “and called for greater access.
“The legislator has proposed such improvements,” the organization added.
West Virginia joined several other GOP-led states in withdrawing from the Electronic Records Information Center, an interstate pact for sharing voter data, after right-wing activists accused the group of partisan bias. Experts said leaving ERIC will make it harder to maintain accurate voter lists.
Secretary of State Mac Warner, a Republican, is in no hurry to encourage voting in the state. Testifying before Congress in April, Warner said West Virginia has “perhaps the maximum productive balance” in the country between elections and election security, and called for an end to the federal requirement that state motor vehicle departments offer voter registration, the most popular way for new voters to register.
Apparently, Warner said it was not his job to encourage participation. “It’s the task of a candidate, a party or a crusade to get the electorate out,” he said. “It is my job to organize free, fair and blank elections. “. “
Warner’s did not respond to a request for comment on efforts to increase participation.
TRUSTED SUPPORT NEWS.
Average voter turnout in the two elections: 46. 4% (48 out of 50)
Rating of polling facilities: out of 50
Magnolia State passed 3 electoral offices this year, two of which have more limited access (the third will likely have little impact on turnout). One makes it less difficult for election officials to remove voters from the rolls, while the other prohibits “ballot picking,” in which third parties, local networking organizations, collect mailed ballots from the electorate and mail them or take them to election offices. Voter advocacy teams said the ban, which is being challenged by the ACLU as a violation of the Voting Rights Act, will make it harder to vote for older voters and other people with disabilities, among others.
After turnout in last June’s primary fell to just 11 percent, Secretary of State Michael Watson, a Republican, called the figure “discouraging” and led voter registration drives for major school and football games and elsewhere.
Watson’s did not respond to a request for comment on other tactics to increase participation.
Average voter turnout in the two elections: 47. 7% (47 out of 50)
Rating of polling facilities: out of 50
The state previously approved five electoral offices this session. None appear to have an impact on primary participation, but one suggests an aversion to efforts to expand access: It’s much harder for Oklahoma to enroll in ERIC or any other. an interstate compact that, like ERIC, requires reaching eligible but unregistered voters, a key element in the decisions of some other Republican states to leave ERIC.
Another new law requires the state to download the death certificate from the Social Security Administration to identify registered voters who may have died, and then work with local election officials to remove them from the rolls.
The Oklahoma Board of Elections did not respond to a request for comment on efforts to increase turnout.
Average voter turnout in the two elections: 48. 2% (46 out of 50)
Polling facilities rating: 4th out of 50
The state of Aloha has passed only one election bill this session, which is unlikely to have a particular turnout.
But Hawaii stands out from the top-performing states because it implemented reforms in recent years, giving it an incredibly voter-friendly formula today. In 2019, it switched to universal postal elections and in 2021, automatic voter registration followed. It also doesn’t matter – registration day, on which the electorate can register to vote.
Although Hawaii’s 2020 voter turnout of 55. 2% was the lowest in the country, the state also recorded the highest turnout compared to the last presidential election, when turnout was just 42. 5%.
This suggests that the new vote-by-mail formula has the potential to make significant innovations over time. Automatic voter registration has also helped encourage turnout in other states, but it has taken at least one cycle to make an impact.
However, some election officials do not seem interested in the recovery. The lead election manager of Honolulu County, where more than two-thirds of Hawaiians live, said, as one local columnist paraphrased, that “it’s not up to the government to get other people to vote. “
“People vote because they’re motivated or optimistic, or because they’re passionate about issues or candidates,” administrator Rex Quidilla said last year.
Average voter turnout in the two elections: 48. 7% (45 out of 50)
Rating of polling facilities: out of 50
Arkansas approved 16 election spending this session. And yet, despite the state’s third-lowest participation rating, none aimed to expand access in particular. In fact, taken together, they will most likely make voting even more difficult.
One measure creates a burglary penalty for election officials who send voters mail polls or unsolicited mail-in poll requests; State law already prohibited them from doing so. Another creates an “election integrity unit” to investigate election crimes, and a third bans the use of voting boxes.
However, another amends the state charter to require the secretary of state to do more to remove ineligible voters from the rolls, adding the creation of a citizenship verification system. And a fifth extends the ban on accepting cash from outside teams to help organize elections. It’s a factor being addressed through the Republicans’ national budget provided through an organization funded in part through a one-time donation in 2020 through Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, who played a key role in ensuring the 2020 election went smoothly despite the covid-19 pandemic. .
Secretary of State John Thurston, a Republican, has warned that expansion is not a very sensible priority. “You have to own your vote,” he said last year. “We need it to be convenient, but hard to fool. Accuracy is more vital than convenience.
Thurston’s did not respond to a request for comment on efforts to increase participation.
Average voter turnout in the two elections: 49. 1% (44 out of 50)
Rating of polling facilities: out of 50
The state of Hoosier approved two primary election expenditures this year, either of which may further restrict voting. One makes it difficult for local governments to pass their own electoral reforms without state approval; This comes after cities across the country discovered cutting-edge tactics to expand into voting. The other affects the ability to vote more directly: it prohibits the submission of unsolicited vote-by-mail requests and requires voters requesting mail-in voting to present additional credentials.
Secretary of State Diego Morales, a Republican, has campaigned for a series of new election restrictions but has subsidized most of them since taking office in January.
Morales’ spokeswoman, Lindsey Eaton, said via email that the secretary of state had requested and secured a special investment from the legislature to reach voters, and had also tentatively won a federal grant to use on a component to reach voters.
It is also running with the Indiana Broadcasters Association on a public data crusade to announce the vote. And Morales announced plans to conduct voter outreach activities at county fairs in all 92 counties in the state.
“As the first Latino elected to a workplace in the entire state of Indiana, expanding voter turnout in the state remains a very sensible precedent for Secretary Morales,” Eaton said.
Alabama
Average voter turnout in the two elections: 49. 8% (43 out of 50)
Rating of polling facilities: out of 50
The Yellowhammer state legislature adjourned in early June without passing an election bill. A measure Democrats and civil rights teams have called voter suppression passed the state House of Representatives but, unexpectedly, failed to get a vote in the Senate. The bill would have made it a crime to assist a voter vote by mail, provide exceptions for family members and some others.
Like Warner in West Virginia, Secretary of State Wes Allen, a Republican who denied the results of the 2020 election, rejects the idea that he inspired the vote. Allen got rid of Alabama from ERIC on his first day in the office and explained that he did it in part. because ERIC calls on states to contact eligible but unregistered voters and urge them to register.
“Our task is to help give (local election officials and law enforcement) the resources they need to make sure our elections are conducted as safely, safely and transparently as possible,” Allen said shortly afterward. “Our job is not to fire other people That’s the job of applicants: to get other people excited about going to the polls.
Allen’s did not respond to a request for comment on efforts to increase participation.
Participation rate:
For state turnout rates, the States Newsroom used figures collected through the U. S. Elections Project. The study was led by Michael McDonald, a political scientist at the University of Florida. of the percentage of a state’s population that may have voted legally.
No election provides a perfectly fair comparison of state turnout, as electoral contests and their point of competitiveness vary from year to year, affecting turnout. As a result, the average is made up of each state’s participation rates in the last two national elections: 2020, when a presidential race is also in the poll, and 2022, a non-presidential year.
New electoral laws:
To locate new state election legislation passed this year, the States Newsroom used the State Voting Rights Tracker, run through the Voting Rights Lab. The Tracker allows users to track the election law filed at the state point and provides brief descriptions of the bill.
Ease of voting:
To measure the fluidity of voting in a state, the States Newsroom used the Cost of Voting Index, a formula developed by Scot Schraufnagel, professor of political science at Northern Illinois University, Michael Pomante, associate of studies at the United Democracy Center, a democracy advocacy group, and Quan Li, a knowledge scientist at Catalist. that manages knowledge for progressive organizations.
The index, which was used through The New York Times to compare state voting policies, provides each state with a numerical score based on several factors. These include whether a state provides automatic, same-day, and/or online voter registration; whether and how much early voting a state provides; whether a state allows voters to vote by mail without excuse; how long the state electorate has to queue to vote; how restrictive a state’s voter identity regulations are; and whether a state makes Election Day a holiday.
Louisiana Illuminator is from States Newsroom, a network of news bureaus supported through grants and a coalition of donors as a 501c public charity(3). Louisiana Illuminator maintains its editorial independence. Contact editor Greg LaRose if you have any questions: info@lailluminator. com. Follow Louisiana Illuminator on Facebook and Twitter.
Zachary Roth is the state-run democracy reporter.
DEMOCRACY TOOLBOX
Louisiana Illuminator is an independent, nonprofit, nonpartisan news organization whose project is to shed light on how decisions are made in Baton Rouge and how they impact the lives of Louisianans every day. Our comprehensive research and reports, news and observation assistance citizens perceive how state policies help or harm them and their neighbors across the state.
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