In a recent study report from the United States, recently available on the bioRxiv* preprint server, scientists demonstrated that bacterial functional and taxonomic profiles can discriminate the prestige of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) even without direct detection of viral transcripts, opening the door to entirely new approaches in wastewater-based epidemiology.
Wastewater-based epidemiology for disease tracking is a concept that has become widespread in recent years due to many benefits over classical approaches, as it can provide comprehensive data on other communities.
A significant merit is that it is non-invasive and cost-effective compared to individual clinical trials. In addition, it does not require individual consent for clinical trials in order to discuss the effects to public fitness agencies, so it can be very useful for the underserved. Populations
However, at the moment, the wastewater based epidemiology scheme is limited to onion stumbling and pathogen characterization PCR and real-time sequencing methods, meaning that you cannot stumble upon pathogens for which detection control has not been developed.
Recent studies using a high-flow wastewater tracking formula and spatial solution on a university campus demonstrated that it was imaginable to collect and characterize thousands of wastewater samples with real-time PCR, identifying 85% of clinical cases caused by SARS-CoV-2, and also enable genomic tracking of emerging fear variants through total genome sequencing.
In this study paper, a study organization led by Dr. Rodolfo A Salido and Dr. Rob Knight of the University of California, San Diego at La Jolla, USA. The U. S. Department of Health and Prevention used metatranscriptomics for a community/population surveillance strategy. level.
Like many other pathogens, SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to cause systematic alterations in the microbial communities of the human gut (also known as the gut microbiome), which is the number one human microbial input to wastewater.
Therefore, metatranscriptomics in this context can take advantage of correlations between observable changes in wastewater microbiomes and disruptions in the human microbiome that could be similar to a certain medical condition, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), also known to the gastrointestinal tract. .
Here, the study organization performed an untargeted metatranscriptomics on virus-enriched wastewater samples from ten sites on the campus of the University of California, San Diego, and validated the predictive strength of SARS-CoV-2 discrimination from wastewater.
Simply put, the effects of this study showed that metatranscriptomes from wastewater can reveal lines of rare pathogen alterations in the microbiome of inflamed people, which are then reflected in the wastewater microbiome.
Samples received from the manhole in this study showed a distinct microbiome signature, which most likely reflects a combination of individual microbiomes that contribute to wastewater flow. This, in turn, established a precept evidence for the discovery of high-throughput biomarkers in wastewater-based epidemiology.
In all cases, the undirected nature of this data modality makes it flexible for tracking a myriad of diseases at the population point and is incredible for metagenomic surveillance as it encompasses all living organisms and viruses.
This type of building-level solution wastewater pattern tracking can detect SARS-CoV-2 in large populations, prioritizing testing and isolation efforts. In addition, the method can be implemented in other types of biological patterns and has a great effect beyond the box of epidemiology.
“One of the limitations of the proposed strategy is the tight stability of the samples’ RNA molecules,” the authors warn in this preliminary bioRxiv paper that is lately being peer-reviewed.
“However, our strategies do not aim to comprehensively characterize the metatranscriptome of wastewater and concentrate on the fact that adjustments in the observable bacterial metatranscriptome are sufficient to discriminate the viral prestige of wastewater, and the prestige of detection of SARS-CoV-2 serves as an applicable case. “. study”, they add.
But even if the mandatory characteristics of the bacterial metatranscriptome discriminate against the detection of SARS-CoV-2, additional studies will be needed to the extent that this phenomenon can be generalized to other pathogens.
Written by
Dr. Tomislav Meštrović is a Doctor of Medicine (MD) with a PhD in biomedical and fitness sciences, a specialist in clinical microbiology and an assistant professor at Croatia’s youngest university, the University of the North. In addition to his interest in the clinic, and training activities, his immense fondness for medical writing and science communication dates back to his student days. He enjoys contributing to the community. In his spare time, Tomislav is a cinephile and a great traveler.
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Meštrović, Tomislav. ” SARS-CoV-2 surveillance can move forward with the use of bacterial metatranscriptomes in wastewater. “News-Medical. April 18, 2023.
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Meštrović, Tomislav. ” SARS-CoV-2 surveillance can move forward with the use of bacterial metatranscriptomes in wastewater. “News-Medical. https://www. news-medical. net/news/20220227/SARS-CoV- 2-monitoring-may-be-step-forward-with-use-of-bacterial-metatranscriptomes-in-wastewater. aspx. (accessed April 18, 2023).
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According to Dr. Meštrović, Tomislav. 2022. La surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 can be advanced by using bacterial metatranscriptomes in wastewater. News-Medical, accessed April 18, 2023, https://www. news-medical. net/ news/20220227/SARS-CoV-2-monitoring-may-just-be-step-forward-with-use-of-bacterial-metatranscriptomes-in-wastewater. aspx.
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