The evolution of the epidemic and endemic strains of the cholera bacteria Vibrio cholerae in Argentina has been mapped in detail by researchers from the Wellcome Sanger Institute, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the University of Cambridge and the INEI-ANLIS ” Dr. Carlos G. Malbrion “, Argentina. The teams used whole genome sequencing to examine bacteria circulating from the cholera epidemic of 1991-1998 in the country.
Knowledge influenced physical fitness policy in Argentina, where the national alert tracking formula now uses total genome sequencing to distinguish pandemic and non-pandemic lines from V. Cholerae bacteria. The study is published in Nature Communications (October 1).
Cholera, caused by strains of the V bacteria, currently affects 47 countries around the world and kills about 100,000 more people a year. Since the 19th century, there have been seven cholera pandemics around the world, causing millions of deaths. The existing pandemic, which began in the 1960s, is caused by an unwred line of V. cholerae, called 7PET. While South and Central Latin America has recovered largely from the epidemics that began in Haiti in 2010, the lineage continues to circulate around the world and is the cause of the world’s largest cholera epidemic, underway in Yemen, where thousands of others people have been infected.
In a new study, the team sequenced the genomes from an exclusive set of old V. cholerae samples, conducted at INEI-ANLIS “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrion”, Argentina. Al’s national reference laboratory to re-analyze the past, foreign studies The team hopes to better perceive the long-term trends of the disease and allow early warnings for new introductions of pandemic lineages.
Through a phylogenetic analysis, they showed that the 1992 cholera epidemic in Argentina was caused by the advent of the 7PET V. cholerae bacteria, originally brought to Peru, which then evolved very little during the six years of the epidemic, contrasting with the epidemic. multiple endemic strains of V. cholerae circulating at the same time. Previous paintings through the team have shown that while endemic strains can make other people sick, they seem to lack the possibility of spreading and causing an epidemic.
When a pandemic strain of 7PET enters Latin America from elsewhere, it can cause major epidemics, such as those observed in Peru in the 1990s and Haiti in 2010. If we want to control cholera epidemics well, it is important that we can distinguish and perceive the differences between V. cholerae that coexist with 7PET a cholera epidemic. Our review developed the history of genomic evolution of these two types in combination in an unmarried country, a decade of primary cholera outbreaks in that region.
The effects were used through the government of public aptitude in Argentina, where the national alert formula was changed to distinguish between the pandemic 7PET lineage and the sequencing of the total genome of local V lines. Cholerae.
Thanks to a comprehensive surveillance and reporting formula, the reference laboratory in Argentina comprises the review of an entire epidemic, which gave us an exclusive opportunity to perceive the detailed evolution of V. cholerae bacteria in our country. We will use this knowledge and revel in how we monitor and respond to any long-term cholera outbreaks: the bacteria that cause epidemics pose a very different threat to those that do not; these are undeniable data that are essential for the fight against the disease. We are the first national notification formula in the world to use genomic knowledge to monitor cholera in this way. “
Professor Nick Thomson, lead writer at the Wellcome Sanger Institute and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, said: “Detailed studies like this contribute to our developing perception of how cholera moves around the world: evidence to tell advanced methods as well as identify additional research spaces. Our challenge is to better perceive why such an undeniable bacteria continues to pose a risk to human health, with this test we are a little closer. “
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
Dorman, M. J. et coll. (2020) The genomics of Argentina’s cholera epidemic clarify the contrasting dynamics of vibrio’s epidemic and endemic communications cholerae. nature. doi. org/10. 1038/s41467-020-18647-7.
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