Located in a bay of the Caribbean Sea, Cartagena has the most extensive fortifications in South America. A zone formula divides the city into 3 districts: San Pedro, with the cathedral and numerous Andalusian-style palaces; San Diego, where merchants and the middle class lived; and Gethsemane, the “popular neighborhood. “
Located in the shelter of a bay in the Caribbean Sea, this port has the largest number of entire fortifications in South America. A zone formula divides the city into 3 distinct districts: San Pedro with the cathedral and numerous Andalusian-style palaces, San Diego where merchants and the petty bourgeoisie, and Getsemaní, the “popular neighborhood”.
卡塔赫纳位于加勒比海海湾,有着南美面积最大的防御工事. 中产阶级的居住 区； 以及盖特塞马尼，人们称之为”平民区”.
The Caribskogo project in the Caribbean region is the same as that of all those in the Americas. There are 3 zones: San-Pedro with a cafeteria-style construction and many couples in the Andalusian style, San-Diego, country of foreigners and predestined class, as well as teachers – “народный квартал”.
Guarded on a bay in the Caribbean Sea, the port of Cartagena is the largest fortified complex in all of South America. A zoning formula divides the city into three other districts: San Pedro, with the cathedral and numerous Andalusian-style palaces; the San Diego, old of the merchants and the petty bourgeoisie; and the popular neighborhood of Gethsemane.
Cartagena, located in a bay in the Caribbean Sea, one of the three most prominent refuges in the West Indies. It is already known for military architecture from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century; has the largest production and the maximum productive integral investment of paints in South America. A formula of village green spaces in 3 women: San Pedro, with the cathedral and many Andalusian-style paleizes, San Diego, bought in the wood of half elegance in Gethsemane, the “popular woman”. The old city of Cartagena has a colonial charm, with small streets flanked by closed doors and many balconies.
Brief summary
Located on the northern coast of Colombia, in a sheltered bay facing the Caribbean Sea, the city of Cartagena de Indias has the most extensive military fortification system and one of the most complete in South America. Due to the strategic location of the city, this outstanding example of military architecture of the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was also one of the most important ports in the Caribbean. The port of Cartagena, along with Havana and San Juan, Puerto Rico, was an essential link in the Caribbean. direction and a vital bankruptcy in the history of global exploration and major maritime directions. In the narrow streets of the walled colonial city are civil, religious and residential monuments of wonderful beauty and importance.
Cartagena was for several centuries a focus of confrontation between the main European powers that were disputing the “New World”. The defensive fortifications were built by the Spanish in 1586 and were reinforced and enlarged to their current dimensions in the 18th century, taking full advantage of the natural defenses provided through the many channels and passes that line the bay. The initial fortification formula included the city wall, the bastioned port of San Matías, facing the Bocagrande pass, and the tower of San Felipe del Boquerón. All of the herbal port passes were eventually governed by fortresses: San Luis and San José, San Fernando, San Rafael, and Santa Bárbara in Bocachica (the southwestern pass); Santa Cruz, San Juan de Manzanillo and San Sebastián de Pastelillo within the bay; and the formidable Castillo San Felipe de Barajas on the rock that dominates the town to the east and protects the access to the Isthmus of Cabrero. Under the protective security of the defensive walls of the town are the 3 districts of the historic center: Centro, where the Cartagena cathedral, the convent of San Pedro Claver, the palace of the Inquisition, the government palace and many fine apartments of the rich; San Diego (or Santo Toribio), where middle-class merchants and artisans lived; and Gethsemane, the suburban community once inhabited by artisans and slaves who powered much of the city’s economic activity.
Criterion (iv): Cartagena is a remarkable example of military architecture of the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the largest in the New World and one of the most complete.
Criterion (vi): Cartagena, in combination with Havana and San Juan, Puerto Rico (already inscribed on the World Heritage List), an essential link on the Caribbean route. Assets are components of the overall theme of exploring the world. and maritime routes for primary advertising.
Integrity
Within the limits of the port, the fortresses and the monumental complex of Cartagena, are all the buildings, structures and spaces to explain its remarkable universal value. The heritage of 192. 32 ha is long enough to adequately ensure the complete representation of the features. and processes that reflect the importance of the assets, and do not suffer negative effects due to progression and/or negligence.
Authenticity
The elements that make up the port, the fortifications and the monumental complex of Cartagena are original in terms of location and atmosphere, bureaucracy and designs, fabrics and background. The heritage is a remarkable example of the architecture of the Spanish army of the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. centuries, and the existing fortification works preserve original examples of some of the greatest military engineers of this period, joining Juan Bautista (Giovanni Battista) Antonelli, Juan de Herrera y Sotomayor, Antonio de Arévalo, Ignacio Sala and Juan Bautista MacEvan.
Over time there have been several adjustments to the port and monuments of this lively city and its surroundings, especially similar to the progression and development of tourism. Renovation and infrastructure projects have been or are being developed in the city, adding new urban transport. formula known as “Transcaribe”. These adjustments would potentially threaten the authenticity of the property. Changes in use due to the effect of tourism can also have a negative effect on the authenticity of the purposes and spirit of the place. The dredging of the Bocachica Channel is a risk to the fortifications.
Protection and control requirements.
The ownership of the port, the fortresses and the monumental complex of Cartagena is shared between individuals, institutions, the Roman Catholic Church and national and local government authorities. The Historic Center was declared a National Monument under the provisions of Law No. 163 of 1959. Other legal tools for the coverage of assets come with Law No. 32 of 1924 (Conservation and Valorization of the Monuments of Cartagena); Law No. 11 of 1932 (Commission of Historical Monuments and Tourism); Law No. five of 1940 (Law of National Monuments); Law No. 49 of 1945; Decree No. 264 of 1963 (regulating Law No. 163 of 1959); Law No. 397 of 1999 (General Law of Culture); and Law No. 1185 of 2008 (interventions require prior authorization from the Ministry of Culture). At the local level, Decree 977 of 2001 approved the Land Management Plan (POT), which has a segment committed to the historic center. The bodies interested in the control of assets are, at the national level, the Ministry of Culture, the Heritage Directorate, the Group for the Protection of Assets of Cultural Interest and the Council of National Monuments; and, at the local level, the Planning Secretariat (Government of the District of Cartagena), the Institute of Heritage and Culture of Cartagena (IPCC), the Public Improvement Society and the Corporation of the Historical Center of Cartagena. At the local level, there is some overlap in purpose between official and non-governmental agencies, which creates a rather confusing control system. There is a buffer zone of 304. 09 ha (“Zone of influence”).
In order to maintain the Exceptional Universal Value of the assets over time, it will be mandatory to agree, approve, adopt and put into force the Special Protection and Management Plan (PEMP) of the Historic Center of Cartagena; complete the delimitation of all elements of the fortification system; adopt the previous known measures for the conservation of all the walls and of the fortified town; draw up and put into effect a systematic intervention and surveillance plan for the defensive walls and surrounding fortifications; give the exclusive herbaceous environment of Cartagena Bay the most productive cover imaginable and create a giant domain where ordinances would restrict the height of new construction; strengthen residential and tourist activities, replace out-of-use uses of buildings and expand strategic projects in the historic center and its “zone of influence”; and ensure that the interventions, added to those similar to the dredging of the Bocachica Canal and the “Transcaribe” projects, do not compromise the Outstanding Universal Value, authenticity and integrity of the assets. An explanation of missions and purposes and more articulated cadres among the various social actors (official and non-governmental groups) would be desirable, to strengthen the discussion and the joint cadre between them.
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