The site of Nalanda Mahavihara is located in the state of Bihar in northeastern India. It includes the archaeological remains of a monastic and school establishment dating from the third century BC. C. al thirteenth century A. D. It includes stupas, shrines, viharas (residential and educational buildings) and vital works of art made of stucco, stone and metal. Nalanda stands out as the oldest university in the Indian subcontinent. It is dedicated to the orderly transmission of wisdom during an uninterrupted age of 800 years. The ancient evolution of the site testifies to the evolution of Buddhism into a faith and the flowering of monastic and educational traditions.
The site of Nalanda Mahavihara is located in the state of Bihar in northeastern India. These are the archaeological remains of a monastic and school establishment active since the third century BC. C. -C. au to the thirteenth century AD It includes stupas, shrines, viharas (residential and educational buildings) and vital works of art made of stucco, stone and metal. Nalanda stands out as the oldest university in the Indian subcontinent, an establishment that has transmitted wisdom in an orderly manner throughout an interrupted era of 800 years. The ancient progression of the site testifies to the evolution of Buddhism into a religion and the flowering of monastic and educational traditions.
13 13和佛学院遗留下的古迹组成，包括窣堵坡（坟冢），舍利塔 ，寺庙（僧房学舍），以及重要的墙画、石刻、金属器物等艺术作品。 那烂陀作为印度次大800 年，发展的历史见证了佛学宗教化的过程，以及寺院和教育传统的繁荣。
This site is hallos angeles northeast of Los Angeles India, in the state of Bihar, and is integrated by the archaeological remains of a large monastery (“mahavihara”) that carried out an important religious and teaching activity from the third century BC to the thirteenth century of our era. To the architectural vestiges of stupas, sanctuaries and monastic buildings (“viharas”) destined to house and educate the professed, important works of art made of stucco, stone and metals are added. Nalos Angelesnda stands out as the oldest university in the Indian subcontinent, an establishment that arranged the transmission of the sword an uninterrupted era of 800 years. L’historie of the site attests not only to the angels’ evolution of the angels’ Buddhist devotion towards their sustained religion, but also to the flourishing of the angeless’ traditional monastic and educational practices.
Nalos angelesnda Mahavihara ligt in de staat Bihar in Noordoost-India. Het omvat de archeologische overblijfselen van een kloosterschool-complex daterend uit de derde eeuw v. Chr tot de dertiende eeuw n. Chr. . Het complex omvat stoepas, salten, vihara’s (woon – en onderwijsgebouwen) en belos angelesngrijke kunstwerken in gips, steen en steelArrayNalos angelesnda est los angeles oudste univerit van het Indiase subcontinent waar gedurende een onafgebroken periode van 800 jaar kennis werd overgedragen. De historische ontwikkeling van de getuigt van de ontwikkeling van het Boeddhisme to adolescente religie en de bloei van onderwijs- en kloostertradities.
More data More data thirteen More data व न) तथा महत्वपूर्ण कलाकृतियांशामिल हैंन चूने, पत्थर और धातु से निर्मित हैं। More data More than 800 people more and more इस स् थल का ऐतिहासिक विकास बौद्ध सम् प्रदाय क विकसित होने तथा मठ-संबंधीऔ More data
Brief summary
The archaeological site of Nalanda Mahavihara is located in the northeastern state of Bihar, India. Spread over a domain of 23 hectares, the archaeological site of Nalanda Mahavihara has remains dating back to around 23 hectares. its epoch and the oldest scholastic monastic status quo in the Indian subcontinent from the fifth to the thirteenth century before the sacking and abandonment of Nalanda in the thirteenth century. It includes stupas, chaityas, viharas, shrines, votive structures and vital works of art in stucco, stone and metal. The design of the buildings testifies to the transition from a grouping around the stupa-chaitya to a formal linear alignment flanking a south-north axis. The ancient progression of the assets testifies to the evolution of Buddhism into a faith and the flowering of monastic and educational traditions.
Criterion (iv): The archaeological site of Nalanda Mahavihara established and developed principles of planning, architecture, and art that were followed through many similar settlements in the Indian subcontinent, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.
The standardization of vihara architecture and the evolution of temple-like chaitya into Nalanda prototypes manifest sustained exchange and patronage towards the expansion of physical infrastructure. cities like Paharpur, Vikramshila, Odantapuri and Jagaddala.
Nalanda shows the emergence and integration of a chaitya in the shape of a quincunce (quintuple). As a mirror image and representation of evolving practices, this new form replaced the historically dominant stupa and influenced Buddhist temples in the region.
Criterion (vi): Nalanda Mahavihara, as a centre of higher learning, marks the apogee of the evolution from sangharama (monastic establishment) to the first establishment of higher learning in early medieval India. His merit-based technique would have encompassed all the new wisdom resources and learning systems practiced in the Indian subcontinent.
Nalanda remains one of the earliest and oldest developers of ordinary establishments. Its systems of pedagogy, administration, drawing up plans and architecture were the foundation on which the later Mahaviharas were established. Nalanda continues to motivate fashionable educational establishments in the region, such as Nava Nalanda Mahavihara, Nalanda University and several others in Asia.
Integrity
The archaeological remains of Nalanda Mahavihara have been systematically unearthed and preserved simultaneously. These are the maximum vital portions of assets that reflect the progression of Nalanda’s planning, architecture, and artistic culture. As evidenced through surviving antiquities, he is particular to the life of a scholar recorded in a monastic and educational institution.
While the original mahavihara was a much larger complex, all surviving remains of Nalanda found in the 23-hectare asset domain comprising 11 viharas and 14 temples, plus small shrines and votive structures, amply demonstrate its attributes, such as axial planes and arrangement along the north. its architectural manifestation and the existing structural fabrics and the decorative elaborations applied. The structural remains of viharas and chaityas whose structural layers show the evolution of the respective forms are preserved in situ. The positioning of those structures in the extent of the site shows the unique planned progression of Nalanda. The assets also preserve a corpus of movable and immovable elements and artistic elaborations that show an iconographic progression that reflects changes in the Buddhist fiduciary system.
The archaeological remains, adding up to the entire domain of the assets, are maintained through the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). The asset buffer zone is sparsely populated with seasonal agricultural land and water bodies and therefore poses no risk to assets. assets and buffer zone are through a national law, the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act (AMASR), 1958 and (amendment and validation, 2010) and are controlled through the National Monuments Authority (national level) and the District Commissioner’s Office, Bihar State Government (local level).
Authenticity
In an underground state for more than seven centuries, the archaeological remains of Nalanda Mahavihara were systematically excavated in the early twentieth century. CE and preserved in situ through the Archaeological Survey of India. The method followed through the Archaeological Survey of India for the conservation and consolidation of its viharas and temples has ensured the preservation of its historical fabric through good coverage through reversible and sacrificial layers and the provision of the necessary supports. All conservation work and interventions are documented through photographs and drawings and published in ASI’s annual reports.
Historical studies, supported by adequate documentation, are continued, paying particular attention to the identity of all excavation paintings made prior to the Archaeological Survey of India, as well as excavations conducted through any other component of the property, and the identity of all fixed. Paintings made throughout the site, with particular attention to masonry maintenance and documentation of the differentiation of the original archaeological fabric and added maintenance and layers of overlap and added sacrifice, some of which are marked by inscribing dates on decided bricks in discreet locations.
Nalanda’s building layers, iconography and archives attest that those remains are its oldest parts. The spatial organization observed in the excavated remains demonstrates their formulaic planning. the progression of Buddhist sacred architecture and residential and school facilities. His art of stucco, stone and steel maintains iconographic characteristics that allowed adjustments in the Buddhist confidence formula and the transition from Mahayana to Vajrayana.
Ceasing to function functionally as an establishment (thirteenth century CE), Nalanda’s role as a settlement builder is evidenced through the borrowing of its organizational formula through the later Mahaviharas of the eighth century CE. The pedagogical formula of Nalanda is preserved in the Tibetan monasteries where the speeches are held. through debate and dialectics. In addition, universities in Asia see Nalanda as the benchmark for excellence in educational learning.
Protection and control requirements
The assets are owned, protected, maintained and controlled through the Archaeological Survey of India, subject to national: the Remains of Ancient Monuments and Sites Act, 1958 (Amendment and Validation, 2010). Decisions about its conservation and control are governed by the National Policy for the Conservation of Properties. Monuments, archaeological sites and remains promulgated through the Archaeological Survey of India.
The conservation and control of the assets is ordered through an advance plan and an annual conservation program. An internal committee of the Archaeological Survey of India monitors its conservation status and conducts a wish analysis. A conservation plan for excavated remains of deserving goods must evolve to safeguard their Outstanding Universal Value and authenticity. Other than that, guest plans deserve to evolve into approaches to guest control and interpretation. The threat preparedness plan will also need to be completed.
The buffer zone is also controlled by the National Monuments Authority under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act (AMASR), 1958, (Amendment and Validation, 2010) in consultation with the National Monuments Authority (NMA), New Delhi and Bihar. Government of the Estado. La buffer zone also has amenities for the guest experience.
The Nalanda Integrated Master Plan deserves to be ready and implemented by the Bihar State Government, taking into account national and regional laws, to mitigate considerations similar to any progression in the vicinity of the assets that may have an effect on their Outstanding Universal Value. And it is worthwhile to conduct a Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) for all progression plans in the vicinity of assets, which are reviewed by the relevant authorities, the Archaeological Survey of India, the Bihar State Government and Nalanda District. Office of the Collector.
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