Between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries a series of defensive structures were built at this strategic point of the Caribbean Sea towards the town and the Bay of San Juan. They constitute a beautiful example of European military architecture adapted to the port areas of the Americans. continent.
Strategic point in the Caribbean Sea, the Bay of San Juan was covered from the sixteenth to the twentieth century with defensive works that provide a varied repertoire of European military architecture adapted to the port areas of the American continent.
16世纪至20世纪期间，在加勒比海的战略要地上建起了一系列防御工事用保护圣胡安城和圣胡安海湾。 这些建筑很好地展示了欧洲军事建筑与美洲大陆港口实际情况 相 结合后产生的和谐效果。
В период XVI-XX ввв. система оборонительных сооружений была построена в этом стратегическом месте Карибско го моря, ч тобы защитить город и бухту Сан-Хуан. Она особенностям гаваней Америки.
Located in a strategic point of the Caribbean, Los Angeles San Juan Bay was protected with a whole series of defensive works built between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries. These fortifications are a good example of Los Angeles European military architecture, adapted to the Angeles port areas of the American continent.
Tussen from 16th to eeuw werd een reeks verdedigingsstructuren van vestingen en forten gebouwd bij La Fortaleza en San Juan op een strategisch punt in de Caribische zee om de stad en baai van San Juan te beschermen. Het verdedigingsyssteem van La Fortaleza representeert Europese Army architectuur aangepast aan Het Amerikaanse continent. Het is achtereenvolgens een fort, wapenhuis en een gevangenis geweest. Door de eeuwen heen heeft San Juan het Spaanse rijk beschermd tegen Caribische Indianen, piraten en oorlogsschepen van andere landen. Z’n doeltreffendheid. Vandaag de dag telt vooral de historische waarde ervan.
Brief summary
The Fortress, as well as the fortifications of the angels of Castillo San Felipe del Morro, Castillo San Cristóbal and San Juan de los ángeles Cruz (El Cañuelo), and much of the original wall of San Juan, were built between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries. centuries to protect the town and the bay of San Juan. These are characteristic examples of ancient structure strategies used in military architecture of this period, which adapted European designs and techniques to the particular situations of Caribbean port cities. La Fortaleza has served as a fortress, arsenal, penal and apartment of the Governor General, and today as the headquarters and apartment of the Governor of Puerto Rico.
These fortifications, which retain the general appearance of a complex defense generation of the eighteenth century, illustrate a generation movement from Europe to America over a long era of time and their adaptation to the topography of a strategically but complicated tropical site. Reflecting the designs of the Italian Renaissance, the Baroque and the French Enlightenment, the defenses explain successive techniques and technologies in the structure of the fortifications. The various examples of military architecture from the sixteenth to the twentieth century in the fortifications of San Juan testify to the imperial struggles that explained the progression of the Americas. As one of the first and last of the many seats of strength in the Spanish-American Empire, those structures are now strong symbols of the cultural ties that bind the Hispanic world together.
Criterion (vi): The San Juan Fort and National Historic Site are notable examples of the adaptation of European advances in military architecture from the sixteenth to the twentieth century to the Caribbean context. They constitute the continuity of more than 4 centuries of architectural, technical, army and political history.
Integrity
Located within the barriers of La Fortaleza and the National Historic Site of San Juan in Puerto Rico are all the mandatory elements to perceive and explain the Outstanding Universal Value of the goods, adding La Fortaleza, Castillo San Felipe del Morro, Castillo San Cristóbal, San Fuerte de Juan de los Ángeles Cruz (El Cañuelo) and much of the original walls of the town of San Juan, adding the Puerta de San Juan. The part of the walls that belongs to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is not an integral part of the property. However, assets are long enough to adequately represent the characteristics and processes that reflect their importance. The heritage in general does not suffer the negative effects of the progression or abandonment, the urban invasion near the northern component of the walls and the deterioration of the façade of the Fort of San Juan de los Ángeles Cruz and the exterior works of the Castle. San Cristobal have become known as concerns. There is no buffer zone for assets.
Authenticity
La Fortaleza y San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico is original in terms of bureaucracy and designs, fabrics and substance, as well as location and setting. The fortifications remain a transparent testimony to their original defensive purpose and, in fact, continued to serve as such until the mid-twentieth century. The original structural methods, in addition to those used in the forts’ periodic expansions and active-duty innovations, are still evident and can be used to consult ongoing conservation. Repairs have always been mandatory during the life of the structures due to their age. and the vulnerable tissues that compose them; Regular follow-up now takes care of fixing the work.
The site is essentially in a good state of conservation, despite the demanding conservation situations posed through delicate fabrics such as sandstone, brick and plaster in the presence of the erosive action of the sea and intense traffic in the area. They have also caused damage, but existing conservation policies, adding normal monitoring, address those problems.
Protection and control requirements
La Fortaleza, which was designated a National Historic Monument in 1960, is owned by royalty through the government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; Established in 1949, the San Juan National Historic Site is owned by royalty through the government of the United States of America. La Fortaleza is protected through the regulations of the Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico, as well as through the San Juan Historic Zone Commission, an independent commission from the capital of Puerto Rico. The Institute of Puerto Rican Culture has established conservation and recovery criteria in the historic area. In addition, there is an advisory committee for the recovery, conservation and improvement of La Fortaleza. The San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico – made up of the forts of San Felipe del Morro, San Cristóbal and El Cañuelo and the maximum of what remains of the old castle wall of the town of San Juan as well as the Puerta de San Juan- is protected through the National Park System, which provides it with the highest imaginable point of federal coverage and guarantees a point of interpretation and public access. The 2013 inclusion of La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in the Old San Juan Historic District National Historic Site also provides another point of coverage.
Formal agreements are in place for cooperative control of assets between the Government of Puerto Rico and the National Park Service. The guidance documents come with a general control plan (1985), a long-range interpretive plan (2006), a transportation plan of choice, and various roadside interpretive plans and exhibits at the San Juan National Historic Site; The Commonwealth Government has committed to compiling existing practices into a formal control plan for La Fortaleza. A new guest center established in 2002 at Castillo San Cristobal provides greater public access and plans are being made to increase guest data and reduce traffic.
Maintaining the Outstanding Universal Value of assets over time will require the realization, approval and implementation of an overall control plan for La Fortaleza; continue to apply adequate conservation measures for vulnerable materials, adding in Fort San Juan de los Angeles Cruz and complex works in Castillo San Cristóbal; and the control of urban encroachment near the city walls.
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