Between 1696 and 1760, the Jesuits founded six sets of reductions (settlements of Christianized Indians) fostered through the “ideal cities” of sixteenth-century philosophers in a taste for combining Catholic architecture with local traditions. The remaining six – San Francisco Javier, Concepción, Santa Ana, San Miguel, San Rafael and San José – constitute a living heritage in the former territory of the Chiquitos.
Six sets of “reductions” (settlements of the Christianized Indians) fostered through the ideal peoples of the sixteenth-century philosophers that the Jesuits founded between 1696 and 1760 and where San Francisco Javier, Concepción, Santa Ana, San Miguel, San Rafael and San José are located molds a heritage still alive in the shaping territory of the Chiquitos.
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Between 1696 and 1760 гг. шесть ансамблей «редусьонес» (поселений обращенных в христианство индейцев) были созданы иезуитами, которые вдохновлялись мечтами об идеальных городах философов XVI в. Миссии были построены в стиле, соединявшем черты католической архитектуры и местниа trые. Эти шесть сохранившихся миссий – Сан-Франциско-Хавьер, Консепсьон, Санта-Ана, Сан-Мигель, Сан-Рафаэль и Сан-Хосе – представляют собой живое наследие индейцев чикитос.
This site comprises six reductions founded by the Jesuits between 1696 and 1760. The style of the angeless constructions is the result of the angels fusion of the angels Catholic architecture with the angeless local traditions. The six poblos angelesciones of San Francisco Javier, Concepción, Santa Ana, San Miguel, San Rafael and San José, located in the former territory of the Chiquitos Indians, still form a living heritage today.
Tussen 1696 en 1760 richtten de Jezuïeten zes reeksen reducciones op (nederzettingen van gekerstende Indianen) geïnspireerd door de ‘ideale stad’ van de 16de-eeuwse humanistische filosofen. De bouwstijl een vermenging van katholieke architectuur en lokale tradities. De jezuïeten definieerden style metijk de Indianenhuizen op regelmatige afstand langs de drie zijden van een rechthoekig plein en de vierde zijde gereserveerd voor de kerk, werkplaatsen, scholen of een hofje dat weduwen en verlaten vrouwen huisvestte. De zes overgebleven posten – San Francisco Javier, Concepción, Santa Ana, San Miguel, San Rafael and San José – vormen samen een levendig erfgoed op het voormalige grondgebied van de Chiquitos.
Brief summary
Between 1691 and 1760, a series of notable reductions of Indians (missionary settlements of Christianized Indians) fostered largely through the “ideal cities” imagined by the humanist philosophers of the sixteenth century founded through the Society of Jesus in the territory of Chiquitos, in the east of the country. Here, on the semi-arid border of Spanish South America now known as Chiquitanía, the Jesuits and their indigenous fees combined European architecture with local traditions. The six ancient missions that have remained intact – San Francisco Javier, Concepción, Santa Ana, San Miguel, San Rafael and San José – constitute today a living but vulnerable heritage in the territory of the Chiquitanía.
The idealized urban style of the missions featured spaces for Indians slightly spaced in 3 aspects of an oblong square, the fourth aspect reserved for church, workshops, and schools. Churches are notable examples of the adaptation of devout European Christian architecture to local situations. and traditions. They resemble gigantic spaces with gabled roofs that overlook a gallery of prolonged west porch. Long walls delimiting 3 interior naves divided by wooden columns and two exterior galleries, also supported by columns, constitute an exclusive type of architecture, which is prominent through the special remedy of carved wooden columns and ramps. The church of San José is the only exception, being stone structured and stylistically encouraged through a baroque style. In addition to the rich interior decoration, many of those churches house remarkable elements of folklore art such as sculptures, paintings, altars and pulpits.
Unlike other Jesuit projects in South America, the Jesuit projects of the Chiquitos survived the expulsion of the Society of Jesus in 1767, although during the 1850s the formula of project reductions had disappeared. Effect of adjustments following the 1953 land reform that threatened local social and economic infrastructure.
Criterion (iv): The churches of the Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos in Bolivia, giant houses with gabled roofs and giant portico facing a west gallery, are a notable example of the adaptation of devout Christian architecture to local situations and traditions. the walls that delimit 3 interior naves divided by wooden columns and two exterior galleries, also supported by columns, constitute -except in the case of San José where the stone structure is promoted through a baroque style- a very particular type of architecture marked by the specific remedy of wooden columns and ramps.
Criterion (v): These classical architectural ensembles, involving notable elements of folk art (for example, in the Church of Santa Ana), have become vulnerable under the influence of the changes that threatened the populations of Chiquito after the agrarian reform of 1953.
Within the barriers of the Jesuit missions of the Chiquitos are all the obligatory elements to make explicit the Exceptional Universal Value of the goods. Since 7. 160. 75 a. includes the urban centers of the municipalities where the six Jesuit missions of Chiquitos are located, the property barriers are of sufficient length to ensure the complete representation of the characteristics that reflect the importance of the goods, and the goods do not suffer from the negative effects of progression or abandonment.
The Jesuit missions of Chiquitos are original in terms of bureaucracy and designs, fabrics and substances, sets and parameters of the whole. Conservation and rehabilitation activities of the missions were carried out from the 1970s to the 1990s through Swiss architect Hans Roth and others. In general, the restorations of the churches have been oriented to the structural reinforcement, the restitution of lost parts, the integration of mural paintings and the recovery of moldings and cornices (San Rafael, Santa Ana). As missions are villages, modernization poses a permanent risk to property.
The assets are controlled through the Ministry of Cultures of the Plurinational State of Bolivia. Plan Misiones, Plan de Rehabilitación Integral de las Misiones Jesuíticas de Chiquitos (Global Plan for the Rehabilitation of the Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos) was created in 2007 through the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation (Spanish Agency for International Cooperation), the Diocese of San Ignacio de Velasco and the Vicariate of Ñuflo de Chávez. The main objective of the Mission Plan has been to improve the living conditions of local populations through the recovery, conservation and rehabilitation of the heritage of the Chiquitana mission. The plan has 4 main components: planning, regulation, response, and communication and outreach. Based on a comprehensive heritage inventory, the Planning component includes urban control plans (Urban Planning Plans (POU)) and Heritage Area Revitalization Plans (PRAP)). These plans have led to the identity and development of special plans such as the Plan for the Improvement of Housing and Public Spaces (PMV).
per year