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This article was originally published on The Conversation, an independent, nonprofit source of news, analysis, and observation from education experts. Disclosure data is located on the source site.
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Author: Sameer Elsayed, Professor of Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University
Northern Hemisphere public fitness experts expect a long-term fall/winter respiratory virus season, a season that underscores the importance of global surveillance efforts and vaccines as a team in the fight against influenza (flu) and COVID-19.
Understanding the Influence of COVID-19 on Seasonal Influenza
Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the annual respiratory virus season in the northern and southern climates was something of an epidemic, characterized by an immediate increase in the rate of influenza (flu) and flu-like illnesses beginning in the middle of the year. autumn, peaking in mid-winter and decreasing in mid-spring.
The predictable trend in the past of influenza activity in the global north and south has become somewhat unpredictable in post-pandemic seasons. season.
In contrast, minimal influenza activity was observed in 2020-2021, while the 2021-2022 season saw its activity quadruple compared to pre-pandemic seasons.
The implementation of strict public fitness measures during the COVID-19 pandemic has helped decrease the occurrence of influenza and influenza-like illness during the two seasons beyond the respiratory virus in either hemisphere. However, the rest of those measures deserve to inspire a tidal wave of breathing. virus infections in the coming weeks.
These infections come with influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which affects children.
Influenza in the Southern Hemisphere
Despite the influence of COVID-19 on global fitness and the almost negligible point of seasonal influenza activity over the past two years, the Southern Hemisphere has noticed a first change in influenza activity during the 2022 respiratory virus season.
In Chile, the season began with an increase in influenza B activity in January, followed by relative calm in March and April, and an influenza A outbreak that peaked in June. a record in June and was ruled out through influenza A.
What does autumn and bring ?
Unlike seasonal influenza, COVID-19 behaves primarily like a pandemic virus, with high-level simultaneous viral transmission in all regions of the world. COVID-19 activity may be “seasonal” in some ways, with higher transmission rates during the fall and winter. months in which other people are more inner, and therefore less socially distant.
The 2022 Southern Hemisphere experience serves as a harbinger of what is expected of the 2022-23 respiratory virus season in northern climates.
In the north, the respiratory virus season has already started early and dazzlingly, that is, in the US. It looks like it’s going to wreak havoc on fitness systems already battling COVID-19.
The flu vaccine
Vaccination is one of the most effective public fitness interventions in our fight against influenza and COVID-19. Recommendations on the composition of influenza vaccines are made both one and two years through the World Health Organization (WHO) several months before the next breath. Virus season in the respective hemisphere.
However, the authorization of influenza vaccines is a matter for national jurisdictions. Similar vaccine formulations are approved for use in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and other northern countries, and are now widely available.
The composition of influenza vaccine for the 2022-23 respiratory virus season in northern latitudes is based on surveillance of influenza virus strains circulating during the last respiratory virus season in the Southern Hemisphere. WHO has recommended quadrivalent vaccines (containing 4 strains) and trivalent vaccines (containing 3 strains), with no preference for either formulation.
The quadrivalent vaccine comprises two inactivated influenza A strains (H1N1 and H3N2) and two inactivated influenza B strains. The trivalent vaccine is similar in having an inactivated strain of single influenza B.
What are flu shots like?
Vaccine coverage for influenza infection, severe illness, and death has immense public health ramifications, but it is misunderstood. the use of high-dose vaccines instead of standard-dose vaccines, a history of influenza or vaccination, age, general fitness, and measures of public fitness, such as social distancing. the use of medical masks and travel restrictions.
Influenza vaccines tend to provide a higher degree of coverage compared to influenza B and influenza A H1N1 subtypes, with a lower degree of effectiveness compared to the influenza A H3N2 subtype.
Research has shown that the effectiveness of standard-dose flu vaccines in preventing severe influenza in the U. S. respiratory virus season is not effective in preventing severe influenza in the U. S. respiratory virus season. The U. S. Economy from 2019-2020 was highest in young adults (60%), relatively low in middle-aged adults (20%), and modest or moderate. insignificant in the elderly.
The effectiveness of high-dose vaccines is 30% in the elderly. Therefore, other people 65 years and older deserve to receive a quadrivalent high-dose vaccine. Common use and hand washing.
Do I want a flu shot?
You can get a flu shot at that time as a COVID-19 vaccine.
Flu vaccines are considered effective in virtually everyone, despite the lack of strong evidence of coverage in very young and elderly children. Its use is similar to coverage rather than seat belt wear; You are not necessarily involved in an accident, however, if you are, the chances of survival and serious injury coverage are greater with your use than without it.
During the 2019-2020 respiratory virus season in the United States, flu vaccination prevented more than 100,000 hospitalizations and more than 6,000 deaths. Given the expected burden of influenza and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it is very likely that the benefits of vaccination will be greater in the existing respiratory viral season compared to those of recent years.
What is the COVID-19 boosters?
For COVID-19, the effectiveness of a number one two-dose plus a booster series for singles to save you from hospitalization is close to 90%, but drops to about 65% during the 4-5 months after the last dose of the vaccine. Bivalent vaccine boosters can be used as a means to preserve vaccine-induced immunity against new variants of SARS-CoV-2.
COVID-19 vaccines remain part of an effective strategy to counter the next wave of infection. The latest bivalent vaccines made by Pfizer and Moderna serve as a booster for others with at least two number one COVID-19 vaccines.
Bivalent vaccines are thought to be more effective compared to the dominant subvariants BA. 4 and BA. 5 Omicron of SARS-CoV-2 than the original mRNA vaccines, but equally effective than first-generation bivalent vaccines that target the original strain and BA. . 1 Omicron subvariant. The United States, Canada, and Europe have other eligibility criteria based on age and time for those withdrawals.
Influenza and COVID-19 are expected to progress in the current respiratory virus season in northern climates. Vaccination combined with private protective measures is the most productive way to stay healthy.
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Sameer Elsayed does work, consults, owns stock, or obtains investments in any company or organization that benefits from this article, and has disclosed any applicable affiliations beyond his educational appointment.
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This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Disclosure data is located on the source site. Read the original article: https://theconversation. com/influenza-and-covid-19-whats-in-store -fo https://theconversation. com/influenza-and-covid-1
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