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Mumbai: The occurrence of premature births, low birth weight, admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and other adverse effects in newborns of mothers infected with the Sars-Cov-2 virus that cause Covid-19 to overcome the Delta wave variant moment, according to a new multi-institutional study published Saturday in the European Journal of Paediatrics. Previous studies have also shown that, compared to the first wave of the pandemic, the wave of the moment is more destructive to pregnant women whose newborns are in danger. if complications arise.
The 18-member study, conducted with data from PregCovid, a registry to examine pregnant and postpartum women infected with Sars-CoV-2, was led by the National Institute for Reproductive and Child Research (NIRRCH) based at Parel Health.
The study found that in the Mumbai metropolitan area neonatal headaches were reported particularly at the top. The study also found that asphyxia at birth (the inability to start breathing at birth), preterm births, and neonatal resuscitation (number of newborns requiring intervention to identify breathing and circulation) at birth were particularly higher in the momentum wave than in the first wave in India.
The researchers said their findings on the effect of the rapid variant on newborns of mothers infected with covid recommend the need for continuous surveillance and guidance to pregnant women for COVID-19 vaccination for adverse effects on newborns, as well as the need to design evidence-based approaches based on the control of those newborns.
An Italian study had previously reported that 15% of newborns of covid-infected mothers followed for seven months had retinal abnormalities, the researchers also suggested that those children deserve to be followed for years to perceive the long-term effect of Sars-CoV-2 infection.
For the study, researchers analyzed 2,524 newborns of COVID-positive mothers in the first wave (1,782) and momentary wave (742) of the pandemic at five study sites in Maharashtra’s PregCovid Registry. PregCovid is a registry submitted through ICMR-NIRRCH in collaboration. with the Maharashtra Department of Education and Drugs and the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC).
The effects showed that preterm births were higher in the wave at the moment – 111 of 742 newborns (15%) – than in the first wave – 139 of 1782 newborns (7. 8%). Intensive care unit (NICU) particularly higher than 19% (141/742) in the current wave, compared to 264% in 1782 (or 14. 8%) in the first wave.
During the moment wave, asphyxia at birth and prematurity were 3. 8 and 2. 1 times higher, respectively. first wave. However, the prevalence of Covid in newborns showed almost no difference between the two waves (4. 2% vs. 4. 6%). The proportion of newborns who died in the first 28 days of life – neonatal deaths – was also similar to the two Covid Waves (2. 3% vs. 2. 1%).
“The effects suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection at the end of gestation is an important factor influencing negative clinical outcomes in offspring, as previously reported. . . An increased incidence of headaches in the neonatal era and intensive care, in addition to resuscitation at birth, would possibly have been attributed to an accumulation of severe COVID-19 disease in mothers in the momentary wave of the pandemic,” the study says.
“The severity of the clinical picture in newborns can be attributed to the highly virulent variant of the B. 1. 617. 2 (Delta) strain reported at the time of the pandemic wave in India. The findings highlight the need to design evidence-based control methods for newborns of mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2,” said Dr. Rahul Gajbhiye, principal investigator, PregCovid Registry. “The study especially highlights the critical need for COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women to avoid adverse effects on newborns. “
During the first wave (January-June 2020), B. 1 lines were India’s default strain, while as of May/June 2021, the Delta B. 1. 617. 2 variant was the dominant lineage during the momentum wave period.
“The differences in clinical presentations and neonatal headaches observed in our study cohort may be due only to the spread of other circulating viral strains in the first and last waves of covid-19 in Maharashtra, India,” the study says.
Although the study did not adopt genotyping of the virus in inflamed mothers to identify a combination of headaches in newborns with the highly virulent Delta variant, the researchers said the differential observations can be attributed to differences in Sars-CoV-2 strains, differences in access to health care facilities, and reporting by pregnant women in early waves and at the time. and replace in the dynamics of the population the blockade in any of the waves. More Mothers inflamed by Covid going to private hospitals rather than public hospitals may also be another explanation for why the difference in numbers in the two waves.
“One of the limitations of the study was the impossibility of long-term follow-up. However, it is important to note that COVID-19’s influence on pregnancy could go beyond early neonatal outcomes, as reported by some cohort studies in Italy and the United States, adding an increased threat of neurodevelopmental disorders in those newborns. Therefore, it is mandatory to follow those newborns normally to perceive the long-term effect,” said Dr. Suchitra. Surve, co-principal investigator.
ABOUT THE STUDY
The first wave of Covid-19 is between April 1, 2020 and January 31, 2021; and the wave took position between February 1 and July 15, 2021.
PregCovid includes knowledge of 18 government doctors in rural and urban areas of Maharashtra and BYL Nair Municipal Hospital, Mumbai Central.
In the study provided, the research was based on five sites in Maharashtra: BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai Central, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur, Vaishampayan Memorial Government Medical College, Solapur, Government Medical College, Aurangabad.
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