In a paper recently published in the journal Eurosurveillance, researchers estimated the efficacy of bivalent messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines targeting the Omicron BA. 1 subvariant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the original Wuhan-Hu1 strain against Omicron infections in the vaccinated population of the Netherlands between 26 September and 19 December 2022.
Adult participants in this study self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection, the peak likely caused by the Omicron BA. 1 subvariant that was main in the Netherlands during the study period. These adults had won a number one COVID-19 vaccine and one or two monovalent booster doses before the start of the study.
Data on estimates of the effectiveness of bivalent vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 (re)infections are scarce, especially in relation to recently used monovalent vaccines. A recent study in the U. S. called monovalent vaccination (46% vs. 38%). However, this study tested newly developed bivalent vaccines targeting the spike glycoprotein (S) of the Omicron BA. 4/BA. 5 subvariants. In addition, the researchers did not stratify those estimates based on the individual’s COVID-19 history.
Similarly, a preprint from the Nordic countries documented a > 75% efficacy of the bivalent targeted vaccine Omicron BA. 1 versus hospitalization in Americans aged 50 years and older. According to Dutch surveillance data, the bivalent vaccine reduced the relative threat of re-infection to 58% in those over 60 years of age.
In the existing study, researchers recruited two cohorts of vaccinated participants aged 18 to 59 and aged 60 to 85 from an ongoing prospective cohort study called VASCO. They used Cox proportional threat models to estimate the effectiveness of bivalent vaccination compared to the number one and monovalent vaccine. booster shots (one and two doses). Study design was adjusted for age, sex, education, and the presence of a medical condition at risk. The team presented those global estimates stratified through each participant’s COVID-19 history.
The study looked at 32,542 and 12,988 older participants aged 18 to 85 and 18 to 59, respectively. Of these, 5504 in the first cohort and 11,900 in the current cohort gained a bivalent vaccine after September 19, 2022. Bivalent booster recipients were older and more vulnerable due to a medical condition. In addition, 58. 2% had gained two monovalent reminders. Therefore, their average age 51 years compared to 48 years between 18 and 59 years. In addition, 26. 5% and 39. 2% of other people at any age had a medical condition at risk.
During the peak of the examination period, the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 (re)infection decreased in participants who gained an Omicron BA. 1 targeted bivalent booster vaccine than in those who did not. It had a relative vaccine efficacy (EV) of 31% and 14% in people aged 18 to 59 years and 60 to 85 years, respectively, taking into account the infection history of each participant.
Based on previous results, study data showed that previous infection with Omicron conferred more coverage than bivalent vaccination, the time elapsed since infection compared to vaccination was longer. Several previous studies have established that hybrid immunity confers superior coverage compared to outbreaks of infection than vaccination or infection alone.
The researchers provided all participants in the VASCO cohort with loose antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2. Although recipients of a bivalent booster dose had a slightly more significant target for the trial, this probably did not match the study’s estimates. However, the frequency of testing and differences in SARS-CoV-2 exposure due to behavior did not confound the effects of the test or had only a limited effect.
The existing study showed that bivalent booster vaccination reduced hospitalizations for COVID-19, i. e. in the elderly or those who were at higher risk due to pre-existing comorbidities. However, those favorable effects on recipients of number one, monovalent booster vaccines and those who were in the past inflamed with Omicron were limited.
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Neha is a virtual marketing professional founded in Gurugram, India. He holds a master’s degree from the University of Rajasthan with a specialization in Biotechnology in 2008. He has enjoyed preclinical studies as part of his assignment of studies in Toxicology Decomposition from the prestigious Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow, India. He also holds a certification in C programming.
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