In a recent study published in PLOS ONE, researchers assessed the effect of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on mortality from temperature-sensitive diseases.
Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases caused 345,476 and 172,727 deaths, respectively, during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Compared to 2019 (pre-COVID-19), this represented a significant minimum of 5029 and 20,507, respectively. And respiratory deaths caused by behavioral adjustments will be very important in studies on a variety of topics, including climate change, public health and population aging.
In the existing study, researchers assessed the diversifications in mortality from temperature-sensitive diseases of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.
The 3 largest cities that were the subject of this were the city of Sapporo (Sapporo), the city of Osaka (Osaka) and the 23 districts of Tokyo (Tokyo), which have a population of 1. 97 million, 2. 75 million and 9. 71 million. , respectively, in 2021. These groups were evaluated because they had other climates. For example, in August, the average ambient temperature was 22. 3°C in Sapporo, 29°C in Osaka and 26. 9°C in Tokyo, while the average temperature in December was 0. 9°C in Sapporo, 17. 1°C in Osaka and 15. 8°C in Tokyo.
The number of deaths per month for each cause of death is available on the website of the Japanese government’s e-Stat portal. Due to statistical reports produced through Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW), the figures were very reliable. Heart failure (FH), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), cerebral infarction (FH), respiratory disease (Resp), cardiac arrhythmia and conduction disorders (CACD) and ischemic center disease (IHD) were the seven diseases evaluated in this study. The age-adjusted mortality rate (ADM) applied to the population through age organization to account for annual diversifications and city variations.
Available knowledge collected and provided through the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) served as a source for the monthly mean temperature (MMT). The Automated Weather Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS), a network of many weather stations, was installed through JMA Japan. For the analysis, corresponding AMeDAS were selected in the city of Sapporo, the city of Osaka and the Ota district of Tokyo. The team estimated that the outside air temperature was about 1. 5 m above the ground.
In addition, the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic was considered to be March to December 2020, and the months between 2010 and 2019 were compared to those of the pre-pandemic era.
For CACD, CI, HF, IHD, ICH and Resp, MRadj increased in winter and decreased in summer from January 2019 to December 2020. Many studies have documented an accumulation of respiratory and cardiovascular mortality in the elderly during the winter. March 2020, COVID-19 began to spread in Japón. La overlap between the era of decline and the era of COVID-19 spread appears to be a coincidence, as relief in MRadj between spring and summer was observed in 2020, as well as in the pre-COVID-19 era.
With the decrease in annual MMT in all cities, the MRadj increased with statistically significant associations for May IHD in Osaka and Sapporo, May CI in Osaka and Tokyo, and May Resp in Osaka and Tokyo. This indicated that MMT for most diseases in those 3 cities had a higher subsidy rate for MRadj in May.
Despite a more temperate environment and a higher MMT than Sapporo, Tokyo and Osaka demonstrated a particularly negative MRadj reaction to MMT in May. The team noted that the August MRadj of the cities evaluated had a positive reaction to MMT. This was also done in Sapporo, whose August MMT was particularly lower than Tokyo and Osaka. Therefore, if the temperature of a given year was above or below the ideal climatological temperature of the city, mortality from diseases increased.
In Apporo, another 324 to 980 people were expected to die between April and December 2020. This equates to 1. 19 to 1. 56 times the number of recorded deaths. On the other hand, between 651 and 2653 deaths were expected in Tokyo between April and December. 2020, equivalent to 1. 10 to 1. 39 times the actual number of reported deaths. In Osaka, an estimated 235 to 1343 deaths occurred, or 1. 08 to 1. 48 times the number of deaths reported in the same period. In the absence of a pandemic, death rates for heat-sensitive illnesses in Sapporo, Osaka, and Tokyo would be higher than 19% to 56%, 8% to 48%, and 10% to 39%.
Overall, the study used data from the three major Japanese cities of Sapporo, Tokyo, and Osaka to assess mortality changes similar to temperature-sensitive breathing and cardiovascular disease in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Written By
Bhavana Kunkalikar is a doctor founded in Goa, India. Her undergraduate education is in pharmaceutical sciences and she has a bachelor’s degree in pharmacy. His school education allowed him to expand his interest in the anatomical and physiological sciences. manifestations and reasons for mobile sickle cell anemia” was the springboard to a lifelong fascination with human pathophysiology.
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