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Extracts from two unusual wildflowers, the wonderful goldenrod and eagle fern, have prevented SARS_CoV_2, the virus that causes COVID-19, from entering human cells. Researchers warn the public to consume the plants as a form of self-treatment rather than the coronavirus, as they can be toxic. However, the findings may provide a new avenue for the emergence of pharmaceutical remedies for COVID-19.
Data Source Provider: Emory University
Two common wild plants contain extracts that inhibit the ability of the virus that causes COVID-19 to infect living cells, according to an Emory University study.
Scientific Reports has published the results: the first primary screening of botanical extracts to verify their effectiveness against the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
In laboratory tests, extracts from the flowers of the wonderful goldenrod (Solidago altissima) and the rhizomes of the eagle fern (Pteridium aquilinum) prevented SARS-CoV-2 from entering human cells.
Active compounds are provided only in trace amounts in plants. It would be futile and potentially harmful for other people to try to deal with them, the researchers note. In fact, the eagle fern is known to be poisonous, they warn.
“It’s very early in the process, but we’re racing to identify, isolate and accentuate molecules from extracts that have shown opposite activity to the virus,” says Cassandra Quave, an exam leader and associate professor at Emory School of Medicine. Department of Dermatology and Center for Human Health Studies.
“Once we isolate the active ingredients, we plan to increase their long-term protection and foresight as COVID-19 medicines. “
Quave is an ethnobotanist who studies how classical peoples have used plants for medical purposes to identify promising new candidates for trendy medicines. His lab manages Quave’s Natural Products Library, which contains thousands of herbal botanicals and fungals extracted from plants collected at sites around the world. .
Caitlin Risener, a doctoral candidate in Emory’s Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology and the Center for the Study of Human Health, is the first in this article.
In previous studies aimed at identifying potential molecules for treating drug-resistant bacterial infections, Quave’s lab focused on plants that other classic people had used to treat skin inflammation.
Since COVID-19 is a newly emerging disease, researchers have taken a broader approach. They devised an approach to verify more than 1800 extracts and 18 compounds from Quave’s Natural Products Library to determine their activity opposite to SARS-CoV-2.
“We’ve shown that our library of herbal products is a difficult tool for studying potential treatments for an emerging disease,” says Risener. “Other researchers may adapt our detection approach to look for other new compounds in plants and fungi that may drive new drugs to treat a diversity of pathogens. “
SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus with a spike protein that can bind to a protein called ACE2 on host mobiles. infect him,” says Quave.
The researchers designed experiments with virus-like particles, or VLPs, of SARS-CoV-2 and cells programmed to overexpress ACE2 on their surfaces. VLPs had the genetic data needed to cause COVID-19 infection removed. Instead, if a VLP controlled to bind to an ACE2 protein and enter a cell, it was programmed to hijack the cell’s machinery to activate a green fluorescent protein.
A plant extract was added to the cells in a petri dish before introducing the remnants of the virus. By illuminating the plate with a fluorescent light, they were able to temporarily determine if the remnants of the virus had managed to penetrate the cells and activate the green protein.
The researchers knew a handful of effects from the extracts that opposed viral entry, then zeroed in on those that showed the most powerful activity: the tall goldenrod and eagle fern. Both plant species are local to North America and are known for their classic medicinal uses through Native Americans.
Additional experiments showed that the strength of the plant extracts worked in 4 variants of SARS-CoV-2: alpha, theta, delta and gamma.
To further verify those results, Quave collaborated with co-author Raymond Schinazi, an Emory professor of pediatrics, director of the Emory division of the biochemical pharmacology laboratory, and co-director of the scientific working group on HIV cure at Emory University sponsored by NIH. AIDS Research Center. Schinazi, a world leader in the progression of antivirals, is known for his pioneering paintings of revolutionary HIV drugs.
Schinazi’s lab’s superior biosafety score allowed researchers to verify plant extracts in experiments with the infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus instead of VLP. The effects showed the ability of goldenrod and eagle fern extracts to inhibit SARS-CoV-2’s ability to bind to and infect a living cell.
“Our locations pave the way for the long-term use of herbal product libraries to locate new equipment or treatments for infectious diseases,” says Quave.
In the next step, the researchers are looking for the precise mechanism that allows the two plant extracts to block binding to ACE2 proteins.
For Risener, one part of the task is that she collected samples of tall goldenrods and eagle ferns herself. In addition to collecting medicinal plants from around the world, the Quave Laboratory also makes boxed trips to the forests of the Joseph W Research Center. . Jones in South Georgia.
The Woodruff Foundation created the means to conserve one of the last remnants of the unique swamp pine ecosystem that once ruled the southeastern United States.
“It’s wonderful to faint in nature to identify and dig up plants,” Risener says. “This is what few graduate academics in pharmacology can do. I will be covered in dirt from head to toe, kneeling on the ground and radiating excitement and happiness.
He participates in the preparation of plant extracts and the collection of specimens for the Emory Herbarium.
“When you take a sample yourself, dry it and buy the samples, you get a non-public connection,” he says. “
After graduating, Risener hopes to pursue a career in science policy outreach and education around studies on herbal compounds. (of the yew).
“Plants have such chemical complexity that humans probably wouldn’t believe all the botanical compounds waiting to be discovered,” Risener says. “The great medicinal perspective of plants highlights the importance of preserving ecosystems. “
Author: Carol ClarkSource: Emory UniversityContact: Carol Clark – Emory UniversityImage: The symbol is in the public domain
Original research: open access. Botanical inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry: a phylogenetic perspective” through Caitlin J. Risener et al. Scientific reports
Abstract
Botanical inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry: a phylogenetic perspective
During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the use of botanical nutritional supplements in the United States has increased, but their protection and efficacy against COVID-19 are little explored.
Quave’s Natural Products Library is a phylogenetically varied collection of botanical and fungal herbal product extracts, which adds supplement ingredients.
Evaluation of 1867 extracts and 18 compounds for binding of viral spike protein to host mobile ACE2 receptors in a pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus formula There are 310 extracts derived from 188 species of 76 families (3 fungi, plants) that had ≥ 50% activity inhibiting virus access at 20 μg/mL.
Extracts with mammalian cytotoxicity > 15% and those containing cardiotoxic cardiac glycosides were removed.
Three extracts were selected for further testing against 4 pseudotyped variants and infectious SARS-CoV-2, and chemically characterized, revealing the potent antiviral activity (EC50 < five μg/mL) of Solidago altissima L flowers. (Asteraceae) and Pteridium aquilinum (L. ) Kuhn (Dennstaedtiaceae) rhizomes.
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