In a recent study published on the bioRxiv* preprint server, researchers read about the phylogenetic relationships between Eulipotyphla coronaviruses (CoV) and similar CoVs.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 has had a significant impact on global public health. Horseshoe bats are the most likely natural reservoir of SARS-CoV-2.
Meanwhile, intermediate hosts are not yet definitively known and may come from very varied animals, such as reptiles, birds and mammals. Therefore, it is about exploring the CoVs of small mammals and their zoonotic potential.
Members of the order Eulipotyphla, such as shrews, hedgehogs, and moles, have a close relationship with the order Chiroptera. Since the first detection of CoV in European hedgehogs in Germany, Erinaceus CoV (EriCoV) has been detected in Italy, France and the United States. However, limited studies have focused on Eulipotyphla mammals, which has left gaps in their role as small CoV host mammals.
In the existing study, researchers conduct bioinformatics analyses of CoVs to illustrate the evolutionary complexities and viral diversity among hosts. Spike protein sequences of other CoVs were extracted from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) protein database. A phylogenetic tree of maximum probability based on peak sequences was constructed.
The classification received from the NCBI taxonomy navigator under the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae. EriCoV of the same species in the United Kingdom, Germany and Italy showed up to one hundred percent identity of the spike protein series.
All unclassified Italian EriCoVs were isolated from EriCoV from the UK and Germany. Therefore, Italian EriCoV can be classified simply as Merbecovirus.
The two HKU31 CoVs of the Amur Chinese hedgehog formed a clade distinct from EriCoV with up to 79% serial identity. CoV spike protein, respectively. Therefore, hedgehogs can harbor other MERS-type CoVs and transmit them to other species.
Sequence identities within Wencheng Sm Shrew CoV (WESV) ranged from 90% to 99. 74%, and WESVs formed a divergent organization in the genus Alpha CoV. Similarly, the CoV shrew emerged as a single clade in Alpha CoV distinct from WESV with an average serial identity of 20% with other Alpha CoVs.
The team analyzed 201 Alpha and Beta CoV strains for furin cleavage sites at their peaks. Beak cleavage sites of 44 strains have been known, 17 of which have bats as hosts, while 27 have other host mammals. Domestic animals, adding dogs, cats, cattle, horses and rabbits are also known as potentially transmissible CoV hosts.
In addition, furin series were analyzed in all animal species, adding mammals, hedgehogs and shrews. The pairwise alignment of series revealed a high degree of furin conservation in animals.
Furin cleavage sites in Eulipotyphla CoV were predicted through the ProP and PiTou programs. PiTou did not reveal any sites of furin cleavage in viral strains. Six WESVs have positive ProP predictions at the sites and may only be cleaved through other proteases or false positives.
Two WESV spike proteins were aligned with higher ProP consensus scores and compared to the tip of MERS-CoV. The putative proprotein convertase (PC) division sites did not align with the peak division site between the peak domain names S1 and S2; instead, those sites were in the S1 domain.
A structural style of WESV was generated based on the HKU2 tip, which has a strong identity with WESV. The splitting site in style was an exposed loop available via proteases.
Shrew CoV and WESV have been found to differ from a distinct ancestor of Alpha CoV. Hedgehog-CoV, by adding HKU31 and EriCoV, belonged to the same Merbecovirus subgenus as MERS-CoV.
A PC split close to 512 has been known in WESV, suggesting its zoonotic potential.
Animals harboring divisive furines, such as bats, dogs, cats, pigs, rats, horses, cows, antelopes and camels, were more likely to harbor and transmit CoV. Shrews and hedgehogs CoVs can recombine with other animal CoVs and emerge as new viruses
This knowledge is essential to understanding the evolution and transmission of CoV, as new CoVs are a significant burden on global health. pathogen spillover events. Therefore, extensive monitoring of animals must be established and Americans take precautions to avoid contact with those small mammals.
bioRxiv publishes initial clinical reports that are not peer-reviewed and therefore are not considered conclusive clinical practices/health-related behaviors, nor are they treated as established information.
Written by
Tarun was founded in Hyderabad, India. He holds a Master’s degree in Biotechnology from the University of Hyderabad and is passionate about clinical studies. She enjoys reading study articles and literature reviews and is passionate about writing.
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Sai Lomte, Tarun. (2023, February 09). Evaluation of the zoonoses of other coronaviruses in hedgehogs, moles and shrews. Retrieved February 10, 2023 from https://www. news-medical. net/news/20230209/Assessing-the-zoonotic–of-other-coronaviruses-in-hedgehogs-moles-and-shrews. aspx.
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Sai Lomte, Tarun. ” To assess the zoonoses of other coronaviruses in hedgehogs, moles and shrews. “Medical News. February 10, 2023.
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