The risk of center-related headaches and clots from COVID-19 is especially lower in vaccinated people than in unvaccinated people, reports an observational study published online in the journal Heart.
COVID-19 vaccines have been shown to be highly effective in the severity of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalizations, and deaths from COVID-19.
And while some COVID-19 vaccines were associated with an increased risk of rare but serious headaches, such as blood clots and central inflammation (myocarditis), the risk of those headaches is especially higher after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Some studies suggested that vaccination could counteract COVID-19 headaches, but most did not carry long-term headaches and targeted specific populations.
To address this issue, the researchers set out to study the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and the risk of post-COVID-19 heart and thromboembolic headaches in demographic data from the United Kingdom, Spain, and Estonia, which included 10. 17 million vaccinated and 10. 39 million vaccinated people. millions of unvaccinated people. . .
Those vaccinated won an adenovirus-based vaccine (Oxford/AstraZeneca or Janssen) or one of the mRNA vaccines (BioNTech/Pfizer or Moderna).
The researchers learned of cases of cardiac and thromboembolic headaches in the first year after SARS-CoV-2 infection and recorded them in 4 post-infection time windows: 0-30, 31-90, 91-180, and 181-365 days post-infection. .
To minimise bias, a variety of potentially influential factors, including age, sex and pre-existing conditions, were included in the research, in addition to chronic lung disease, diabetes, central disease and a history of blood clots.
Effects show that the COVID-19 vaccine was linked to a reduced risk of heart failure, venous thromboembolism (clot in the veins of an extremity), and arterial thrombosis/thromboembolism (blood clot in the artery) up to one year after SARS-CoV. 2 infections.
There is also a reduction in the risk of other complications, such as ventricular arrhythmia/cardiac arrest (heart attack), myocarditis/pericarditis, although only in the acute phase (the first 30 days after infection).
Compared to unvaccinated people, COVID-19 vaccination was associated with a 78% reduction in the risk of venous thromboembolism, arterial thrombosis/thromboembolism of 47%, and heart failure of 55% in the first 30 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Over time, the effects of vaccination diminished, but remained at 47%, 28% and 39% respectively between 91 and 180 days after infection and at 50%, 38% and 48% respectively between 181 and 365 days.
This is an observational study, so it can’t identify cause and effect, and the authors point out some limitations, adding inherent knowledge quality issues and the threat of real-world knowledge bias, as well as potential underreporting of post-COVID cases. -19 cases. Complications.
However, statistical strategies were used to address these constraints and the effects were consistent across databases, which they said highlights the robustness and replicability of the effects.
As such, they conclude: “Our analyses showed a very broad relief in the risk (42-82%) of thromboembolic and cardiac events in acute cases of COVID-19 related to vaccination. “
They add: “The reduced risk in vaccinated Americans lasted up to 1 year for venous thromboembolism, arterial thrombosis/thromboembolism, and post-COVID-19 heart failure, but obviously for other complications. “
The authors recommend that the protective effects of vaccination are “consistent with known discounts on disease severity following unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 infection” and state that further studies are needed on whether the effect waned over time and the effect on the booster vaccine.
BMJ
Mercadé-Besora, N. , et al. (2024). The role of COVID-19 vaccines in post-COVID-19. Heart. is thromboembolic and cardiovascular complications je. org/10. 1136/heartjnl-2023-323483.
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