Since the first case of COVID-19 disease detected in Wuhan, China, at the expiration of 2019, the new coronavirus has become a global pandemic, with more than 31. 2 million cases shown and more than 963,000 deaths worldwide.
To involve the spread of the disease, many countries around the world, coupled with Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries (SEA), have imposed blockades to varying degrees, inadvertently causing positive adjustments to the environment.
Assessing relief in anthropogenic emissions due to COVID-19 restrictions imposed through governments is essential to determine the effect of the pandemic on pollutants and economic growth. A recent study published in the journal Science of The Total Environment analyses have an effect on blocking COVID-19 in aerosols and contaminants in southeast Asia’s atmospheric environment.
This review used optical aerosol intensity (AOD) measurements from the Himawari-8 satellite, as well as measurements of the density of the Aura-OMI NO2 tropospheric column in SEA countries, as well as measurements of terrestrial pollutants at various Malaysian stations, to make aerosol and contaminant adjustments related to the cessation of human and commercial activities.
The optical intensity of aerosols (ODP) is a measure of the extinction of solar radiation due to the absorption or diffusion of dust and mild atmospheric fog. Aerosols over the SEA region basically come from urban and commercial emissions such as biological compounds, nitrates, sulfates and ammonium; black coal burning fossil fuels and biofuels; volcanic ash and dust carried long distances forest fires and pre-monsoon vegetables. In addition, the lines of sulphur dioxide (SO2), ammonia (NH3), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO) go through complex, homogeneous or heterogeneous chemical reactions in the environment and release of biological and inbiological aerosols.
The study found that blockage caused significant minimization of ODO in SEA regions and in the flow of pollutants to ocean regions. It also detected significant discounts (up to 27-34%) NO2 tropospheric in urban spaces and almost 26-31%, 23- Discounts of 32%, 63-64%, 9-20% and 25-31%, respectively, in PM10, PM2. 5, NO2, SO2 and CO in urban areas of Malaysia in the blocking phase compared to the same periods in 2018 and 2019. NO2 grades have been reduced by more than 64% in urban spaces and from 33 to 46% in commercial sites. Smaller discounts were recorded for SO2 and CO, while O3 adjustments were not significant compared to previous years.
The effects showed significant relief in ODP in the southern SEA region, adding Singapore, Brunei, Malaysia and the Philippines. In Malaysia, ODO values in urban and commercial sites showed a significant decrease (up to 70% and 40%) March and April 2020 compared to the same era in 2018 and 2019. In contrast, in the northern region of AES, ODS remained at very high degrees even at closure, due to primary agricultural fires and forest fires in the area. No2 grades detected in this area.
There have been significant discounts on NO2 grades (up to 27% -34%) during the era of closure in cities with the maximum SEA, with the exception of Yangon and Ho Chi Minh City. This relief in NO2 was strongly related to the efforts of these countries to limit population movements. countries and to control commercial and industrial activities.
Some SEA countries, in addition to Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore, have imposed competitive restrictions such as the prohibition of mass concentrations, border closures, restrictions on devout activities and partial or total army closures, to other countries such as Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar and the Philippines, which have enacted only small restrictions.
“Continuous monitoring of pollutant levels and long-term studies will also reveal the degree of resurgence of pollutants in Malaysia’s major urban areas, after the reopening of the economy,” the authors say.
The effects of this study imply that the degree of restriction and regional blockades followed to involve COVID-19 have affected air pollutants in spaces with maximum grades of aerosols and pollutants. The obvious benefits of COVID-19 restrictions highlight an exclusive opportunity to replace pollutant control Policies and climate replace mitigation methods in AES countries. In addition, the evaluation of discounts on destructive primary air pollutants is very vital for air quality and climate replacement studies and aptitude research. These effects also require more detailed research into the effects of blocking air pollutants in the future.
Written by
Susha holds a bachelor’s degree in science (B. Sc. ) in chemistry and a master’s degree in science (M. Sc) in biochemistry from the University of Calicut, India. She has had a voluntary interest in medical science and health. Master’s degree, specialized in biochemistry, specializing in microbiology, physiology, biotechnology and nutrition. In his free time, he loves to cook a typhoon in the kitchen with his super messy cooking experiences.
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