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With a coronavirus vaccine in the coming months, corporations are quick to check what will be the next most productive thing: drugs that administer antibodies to fight the virus immediately, without having to exercise the immune formula to produce them.
Antibodies are proteins that the frame produces when an infection occurs; stick to a virus and contribute to its removal. Painted vaccines making the frame think there is an infection to produce antibodies and how to do so if the actual error appears.
But it may take one to two months after vaccination or infection for the maximum effective antibodies to form. Experimental drugs shorten this procedure by giving concentrated versions of express drugs that oppose coronavirus in laboratory and animal tests.
“A vaccine needs time to function, to force the progression of antibodies. But when an antibody is administered, immediate protection is obtained,” said University of North Carolina virologist Dr. Myron Cohen. “If we can produce them in giant concentrations, in giant vats in an antibody plant … we can avoid the immune system.”
It is believed that these drugs will last a month or more and possibly provide immediate and transitory immunity to others at increased risk of infection, such as fitness staff and roommates of a COVID-19 user. If effective and a vaccine does not materialize or protect as expected, the drugs may also eventually be more widely used, perhaps for teachers or other groups.
They are also tested as treatments, to the immune formula and prevent serious symptoms or death.
“The hope is to target other people who are in the first week of their illness and that we can treat them with the antibody and prevent them from getting sick,” said Dr Marshall Lyon, an infectious disease specialist who helped control one of those drugs. Emory University in Atlanta.
Having such a tool “would be a very important thing in our opposite fight to COVID,” Cohen said.
Vaccines are the key to controlling the virus, which has been shown to have inflamed more than 20 million people worldwide and killed more than 738,000 people. Several corporations are rushing to expand vaccines, but the effects of the latest primary tests needed to compare them are months away.
Antibody drugs are “very promising, and on the other hand, they may be available “very soon,” said Dr. Janet Woodcock, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration officer. It leads the government’s efforts to increase COVID. -19 therapies. Key studies are underway and some responses are expected in early fall.
One company, Eli Lilly, has already produced its antibody drug, betting that ongoing studies will yield positive results.
“Our purpose is to take anything out as temporarily as possible” and have thousands of doses in one position in the fall, Lilly’s scientific director, Dr. Daniel Skovronsky, said.
Another company that has developed a cocktail of antibody drugs opposed to Ebola, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., is recently one for coronavirus.
“The good luck of our anti-Ebola program gives us some confidence that we can potentially do it again,” said Christos Kyratsous, a Regeneron microbiologist who helped lead the work.
Regeneron’s drug uses two antibodies to increase its chances of acting, even if the virus evolves to escape the action.
Lilly is testing two other single antibody drugs: one with the Canadian company AbCellera and the other with a Chinese company, Junshi Biosciences. In July, Junshi said no protection disorders had emerged in 40 other healthy people who had tried and that larger studies were being conducted.
Others that work with antibody-based drugs come with Amgen and Adaptive Biotechnologies. Singapore biotechnology company Tychan Pte Ltd. is also testing an antibody drug and has products in progression for Zika virus and yellow fever.
“I’m cautiously optimistic” about the drugs, said the country’s leading infectious disease specialist, Dr. Anthony Fauci. “I am comforted by the joy we have had with Ebola,” where medicines have proven effective.
What can happen wrong?
Antibodies may not succeed in all spaces of the frame where they want to act, such as deep in the lungs. All antiframe medicines are given intravenously and must be made their way through the bloodstream to where they are needed.
The virus can mutate the antibody, explaining why Regeneron tests a combination of two antibodies that binds to the virus elsewhere to prevent it from escaping.
Skovronsky claimed that Lilly was left with an antibody because the production capacity would necessarily be reduced in part to make two, and “will have fewer doses available.” If an unmarried antibody works, “we can treat twice as much people,” he says.
Antibodies may not last long enough. If they disappear within a month, the remedy remains acceptable, as COVID-19 disease regularly disappears at that time. But for prevention, it might not be practical to administer infusions more than every month or two.
A San Francisco company, Vir Biotechnology Inc., claims to have designed antibodies to last longer than they in the face of this problem. GlaxoSmithKline has invested $250 million in Vir to check them out.
Giving a higher dose may also help. If some of the antibodies go away after a month, “if you administer twice more, you will have two months of protection,” Lilly Skovronsky said.
However, a wonderful concern is that antibodies can do the opposite of what was expected and really the virus’s ability to penetrate cells or stimulate the immune formula in a way that makes other people sick. This is a theoretical concern that has not yet been observed in the tests, however, giant and definitive experiments are needed to achieve safety.
“As we know, antibodies are useful,” Lyon said.
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