The site includes the archaeological remains of 3 villages and 40 tombs: Wunu Mountain City, Guonei City and Wandu Mountain City, 14 are imperial, 26 noble. They all belong to the Koguryo culture, named after the dynasty that ruled parts of northern China and the northern part of the Korean peninsula from 277 BC. A. D. to 668 A. D. The mountain on which Wunu City is located has only been partially excavated. Guonei City, within the elegant city of Ji’an, played the role of “ing capital” after the main capital. From Koguryo was moved to Pyongyang. La mountainous city of Wandu, one of the capitals of the Kingdom of Koguryo, comprising many important buildings that add a grand palace and 37 tombs. Some tombs display wonderful ingenuity in their elaborate roofs, designed to cover wide spaces without columns and the heavy load of a mound of stone or earth placed on top of them.
This site includes the archaeological remains of 3 villages and 40 tombs: Wunu Mountain Town, Guonei City and Wandu Mountain Town, 14 Imperial Tombs and 26 Noble Tombs. They all belong to the Koguryo culture, which owes its name to the dynasty that ruled northern China and the northern part of the Korean peninsula between 277 BC and 277 BC. 668 Apr. The mountain of Wunu City has only been partially excavated by excavations. The city of Guonei, located on the territory of the fashionable city. of Ji-an, played the role of secondary capital after the transfer of the main capital from Koguryo to Pyongyang. The mountain, the city of Wandu, one of the capitals of the Kingdom of Koguryo, comprises many ruins, plus a large palace and 37 tombs. Some tombs feature roofs of erudite architecture, designed to cover vast spaces without columns or the heavy stone slab or mound that crowned them.
此遗址包括3座王城和40座墓葬的考古遗迹：五女山城、国内城、丸都山城，14座王陵及26座贵族墓葬。 这些都属于高句丽文化，从公元前37年到公元668年 “一部分挖掘的王城。 国内城位于今天的集安市内，在高句丽迁都平壤之后，与其他 王城相互依附共为都城. 雄伟的宫殿和37座墓葬. 于其上的石冢或土冢.
The complex includes 3 ruins of 3 giant buildings (Уну, Гуонэй and Ваньду) and 40 гробниц императоров and знати. These efforts for the cultivation of Kogurt, which are related to many disasters, are located in the territories of several countries of China. э до 668 г. н. э.
This site includes the archaeological remains of 3 villages – Mount Wunu, Guonei and Mount Wandu – and 40 tombs, in which 14 sovereigns and 26 nobles were buried. All those remains belong to the Koguryo culture, which is named after the dynasty that ruled ever since. 277 B. C. 668 A. D. in parts of northern China and the northern region of the Korean peninsula. The excavations of Mount Wunu City were carried out only in part. The city of Guonei, which remains within the perimeter of the elegant city of Ji’an. ™ , served as a secondary capital, after Koguryo moved its main capital to Pyongyang. Another of the capitals of the Kingdom of Koguryo, the city of Mount Wandu, has many remains, adding a vast palace and 37 tombs. Some of these mausoleums have highly complicated technologies that are designed to create extensive spaces without wanting to repeat the columns, and also to the enormous weight of the stone or mound of earth (tumulus) above.
This resulted in archaeological discoveries of 3 sites – Wunushan, Guonei and Wandushan – in 40 tombs, adding 14 tombs and 26 edelen tombs. It is indebted to the Koguryo culture, which emerged from the existing dynasty of North and North China in Korean history since 277 AD. until 668 A. D. Wunushan est slechts gedeeltelijk opgegraven. Guonei – exclusive in the elegant city of Ji’an – a kind of reserve city, at the head of the city of Koguryo located in Pyongyang. Wandushan one of Koguryo Koninkrijk’s clogs, where many inversion paintings remained, as well as a large palace and 37 tombs.
Brief Summary
Located in northeastern China, the capitals and tombs of the ancient Kingdom of Koguryo dating back to the 1st century BC are the first century BC. C. al seventh century A. D. They have archaeological remains from 3 cities and 40 tombs: the mountain, the city of Wunu in the Manchu autonomous county of Huanren. , Liaoning Province; Guonei City, Wandu mountain village and the 40 tombs of Ji’an Township, Jilin Province.
The Koguryo Kingdom was a regional force and ethnic organization from 37 BC. C. until the kingdom moved its capital to Pyonyang in 427 AD. C. The mountain, the cities of Wunu, Guonei and Wandu served as capitals of Koguryo in the early and middle era of the kingdom. On the mountain, the city of Wunu was built in 37 BC. C. as the first capital of the Koguryo regime. Surrounded by a three-gate defensive wall, partly built of stone and partly excavated into the cliff, the city included a palace, a military camp, a watchtower, houses and warehouses. The city of Guonei, today surrounded by the city of Ji’an, was built on the plain with a defensive stone wall and had a palace and separate residential areas. Wandu Mountain City, the only capital mountain city of Koguryo whose overall layout was planned with the great palace as the core, created a mountain city that perfectly combined Koguryo culture with the herbaceous environment. The town of Guonei and the mountain town of Wandu were the economic, political and cultural centers of Koguryo for many years. The city of Guonei was destroyed in 197 CE when the Koguryo were defeated by some other force. Wandu Mountain City was built in 209 AD. Both cities were destroyed by wars and rebuilt several times, serving as capitals in turn. Guonei City acted as a supporting capital after the main capital was moved from Koguryo to Pyongyang; It is one of the few urban sites on the plain that still preserves stone walls.
The tombs of the kings and nobles of the ancient kingdom of Koguryo are scattered throughout the domain of the ancient tombs of Donggou, on the mountain of the city of Wandu. The 12 imperial tombs have a stepped pyramidal shape built of stone. The internal burial chambers were covered with terracotta tiles. The tombs of the nobles have stone chambers covered with earthen mounds and are decorated with artwork depicting scenes from life, sports, hunting, nature, gods, fairies, and dragons. The stele of King Haotaiwang dating back to 414 AD. and tells the story of the founding of the Kingdom of Koguryo.
The capitals and tombs are exceptional testimonies of the vanished Koguryo civilization. The plans and structure of the capitals influenced urban plans and the structure of later crops. Funerary paintings are a rare artistic expression in medieval Northeast Asia and, in combination with the Stele, the Stele and the inscriptions show the influence of Chinese culture on the Koguryo.
Criterion (i): Tombs constitute a masterpiece of human artistic genius in their artwork and structures.
Criterion (ii): The capitals of the Koguryo Kingdom are one of the earliest examples of mountain villages, later imitated by neighboring cultures. The tombs, adding the vital stele and a long inscription on one of the tombs, show the effect on Chinese culture on the Koguryo (who did not expand their own writing). The tomb paintings, while demonstrating artistic skills and an express style, are also an example of the strong influence of other cultures.
Criterion (iii): The capitals and tombs of the ancient kingdom of Koguryo are a remarkable testimony to the vanished civilization of Koguryo.
Criterion (iv): The formula of capitals represented through the city of Guonei and the mountain city of Wandu also influenced the structure of the later capitals built during the Koguryo regime; The Koguryo tombs offer remarkable examples of the evolution of stone and earth tomb structure.
Criterion (v): The capitals of the Kingdom of Koguryo are the best combination of human creation and nature, whether with rocks or with forests and rivers.
Integrity
The capitals and tombs of the ancient kingdom of Koguryo include all the must-have elements and applicable archaeological fabrics that express the Outstanding Universal Value of the property. The 43 heritage sites retain their original layout and the original fabric is intact.
Authenticity
The central and buffer zones authentically reflect the historic surroundings and progression of the property. Apart from the partial damage caused by the wars to the town of Guonei and to the mountain, the town of Wandu, there is no serious man-made damage to the rest of the heritage sites.
Protection and control requirements.
The asset domain and buffer zone have been demarcated around all sites. The property is protected by the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics; measures of Liaoning Province for the implementation of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics; the Rules on the Protection and Management of the Wunu Mountain Village and the Master Plan for the Protection of the Wunu Mountain Village. The legislation, regulations, and conservation plan of the capitals and tombs of the ancient Kingdom of Koguryo have developed express conservation and control regulations to cope with the strain of tourism and urban progress at each heritage site. At the same time, appropriate measures have been put in place to conserve and control heritage maintenance, environmental ecology and land use. These laws and regulations provide a policy and law enforcement assurance mechanism for heritage conservation, and lay the foundation for heritage conservation and control.
From now on, the improvement of the framework and the objectives of equity coverage will be implemented step by step in accordance with the existing coverage and control framework. The presentation of the heritage will be enriched as the archaeological discoveries progress and the ecological cover program planned for the heritage will be carried out simultaneously.