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The discoveries were made through the joint Egyptian-German archaeological project running in ancient Heliopolis, the “city of the sun,” which today lies northeast of Cairo. The finds included several granite blocks that researchers say date back to the reign of King Khufu in 2589-2566 BC, in the early part of the Old Kingdom era. The discovery is important, the archaeologists explained, as it is the first time artifacts from the time of Cheops have been found in Heliopolis. The blocks, the team added, could have belonged to an unknown construction at the site, or were transported to Heliopolis from the domain of the pyramid of Giza to be “recycled” into a new Ramesside-era design, towards the end of the current millennium. . BEFORE CHRIST.
Khufu, also known as “Cheops”, the pharaoh moment of the Fourth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt.
Although it is accepted that Khufu was guilty of commissioning the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, much of the history of his reign remains a mystery today.
Many of his other buildings have been lost to time, and the remaining full depiction of the pharaoh is in the form of a three-inch-tall ivory statuette discovered in a much newer temple at Abydos in 1903.
In fact, everything else about Khufu comes from inscriptions on his necropolis in Giza and documents composed after his reign.
The project also revealed the foundations of a temple courtyard dating from the New Kingdom, as lines from the first history of the Heliopolis region.
Chief archaeologist Dr Aiman Ashmawy said: “The project has exposed evidence of the early use of this domain in archaeological layers dating back to Dynasty 0. “
Dynasty 0, also known as Naqada III, the last phase of predynastic Egypt, which took position approximately between 3200 and 3000 BC.
The excavations, Dr. Ashmawy added, also unearthed “layers of pottery fragments that indicated ritual activities in the third millennium BC. C. “.
Evidence was also found, the archaeologist explained, of a vital presence in the Third and Fourth Dynasties, and a piece of granite from the reign of King Pepi I, dated around 2280 BC. C. , which had an inscription of Horus.
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According to Dr. Ashmawy, the excavations also form the basis of a statue of King Ahmose II.
This pharaoh, the last wonderful ruler of Egypt, who reigned from 570 to 526 BC. J. -C. , before the Persian conquest.
Several other offerings from the past era have also been discovered, adding a number of altars and the presence of sphinx-shaped statues, indicating a real presence in the temple.
The temple was completed through the kings, the team said, adding Amenemhat II, Sesostris III, Amenemhat III, Amenemhat V, Thutmose III, Amenhotep II, Amenhotep III, Horemoheb, Ramses II and Seti II.
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Dr. Dietrich Rau, who heads the German component of the mission, said the excavations also managed to uncover parts of altars and sarcophagi.
These, he explained, date from the times of kings Amenemhat IV, Sobekhotep IV, Ay, Seti I, Osorkon I, Takelot I and Psamtik I.
Other notable finds, he added, included a sphinx-shaped quartz sculpture of King Amenhotep II, as the base of a colossal pink granite statue.
Once their initial studies are completed, the mission’s archaeologists will continue their excavations in hopes of discovering discoveries at the site.