Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on February 24 left tens of thousands dead, millions displaced and sowed conflict around the world.
These are the effects of war:
* DEATH
Since February 24, 5,237 civilians have been killed and 7,035 injured, the actual casualties are much higher, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights said on July 25. https://www. ohchr. org/en/ press- releases/2022/07/ukraine-civilian-vicualty-update-25-july-2022
Most of those killed or wounded were victims of explosive weapons such as artillery, missiles and airstrikes, the OHCHR said.
Neither Russia nor Ukraine gave the main points of the army’s deaths in the conflict.
U. S. intelligence The US estimates that around 15,000 Russian infantrymen have so far died in Ukraine and 3 times more wounded, which is equivalent to the total number of Soviet deaths in Moscow’s occupation of Afghanistan in 1979-1989.
Ukrainian military casualties are also significant, though slightly less than Russia’s, according to U. S. intelligence services, CIA Director William Burns said this month.
The standoff in eastern Ukraine began in 2014 after the overthrow of a pro-Russian president, the Ukrainian Maidan revolution and Russia’s annexation of Crimea, with Russian-backed forces battling the Ukrainian armed forces.
About 14,000 more people were killed there between 2014 and 2022, according to OHCHR, totaling 3,106 civilians. (rev 27 January 2022)% 20corr FR_0. pdf
*MISERY
Since Feb. 24, a third of Ukrainians, who have more than 41 million more people, have been driven from their homes, the world’s largest human displacement crisis, according to U. N. firm RefugAe.
Lately there are more than 6. 16 million Ukrainian refugees registered across Europe, with numbers in Poland, Russia and Germany, according to the agency’s data.
https://www. unhcr. org/ua/en/desplazados-internos
* UKRAINE
In addition to the loss of life, Ukraine has lost about 22 percent of its territory to Russia since the annexation of Crimea in 2014, according to Reuters calculations.
It has lost part of its coastline, its economy has come to a standstill, and some cities have become wastelands due to Russian bombing. Ukraine’s economy will contract by 45% in 2022, according to the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.
The true dollar cost to Ukraine is unclear. Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal said this month that the overall post-war reconstruction would cost about $750 billion. Possibly it would be much more.
It is known how much Ukraine spent on the fighting.
* RUSSIA
The war has also cost Russia a lot: Russia does not disclose the charges, which are state secrets.
In addition to the costs of the military, the West has tried to punish Russia by imposing harsh sanctions, the biggest surprise to the Russian economy since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Russia’s central bank now expects the $1. 8 trillion economy to contract by four to 6 in 2022, less than the 8-10 contraction it forecast in April.
Still, the impact on the Russian economy is serious, and it’s still not entirely clear. He has been excluded from Western financial markets, most of his oligarchs are being punished, and he has difficulty obtaining certain pieces as microchips.
Last month, Russia defaulted on its bonds for the first time since the calamitous months following the Bolshevik revolution of 1917.
* PRICES
The Western invasion and sanctions opposing Russia have led to sharp increases in fertilizer, wheat, metals and energy, fueling an impending food crisis and an inflationary wave sweeping the world economy.
Russia is the world’s largest oil exporter after Saudi Arabia and the world’s largest exporter of herbal gas, wheat, nitrogen fertilizers and palladium. Shortly after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, oil costs abroad peaked since 2008 records.
Attempts to rely on Russian oil, fuel and petroleum products, or even to limit their costs, have exacerbated what is already the most serious energy crisis since the Arab oil embargo in the 1970s.
After Russia cut off flows from the Nord Stream 1 pipeline to Germany, wholesale fuel costs soared in Europe.
A total shutdown would push the eurozone into recession, with sharp contractions in Germany and Italy, as far as Goldman Sachs.
* GROWTH
The International Monetary Fund now forecasts that the world economy will grow by 3. 2% this year, up from 6. 1% last year, and well below its April forecast of 3. 6%, its January forecast of 4. 4% and its October forecast of 4. 9%.
In a “plausible” choice situation that includes a total shutdown of Russian fuel supply to Europe until the end of the year and a further 30% drop in Russian oil exports, the IMF said the global expansion would slow to 2. 6% in 2022 and 2% in 2022. 2023, with almost zero expansion in Europe and the United States next year.
Global expansion has fallen below 2% five times since 1970, said IMF lead economist Pierre-Olivier Gourincha: the recessions of 1973, 1981 and 1982, 2009 and the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020.
The U. S. is expected to be able to The U. S. growth grew by 2. 3% in 2022 and by 1. 0% in 2023. The Fund lowered China’s GDP expansion forecast for 2022 to 3. 3% from 4. 4% in April.
Since the outbreak of war, the European Commission has lowered GDP expansion projections for the 27-nation bloc to 2. 7% this year and 1. 5% in 2023, from 4. 0% and 2. 8% respectively, compared to what was expected before the Russian invasion on Feb. 24.
* WEAPONS OF THE WEST
The United States has about $7. 6 billion in security assistance for Ukraine since Feb. 24, adding Stinger anti-aircraft systems, Javelin anti-armor systems, 155mm howitzers, and chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear protection equipment. . defense. gov/2022/Jul/22/2003040788/-1/-1/1/FACT-SHEET-ON-US-SECURITY-ASSISTANCE-TO-UKRAINE. PDF https://media
Ukraine’s second-largest donor is Britain, which has 2. 3 billion pounds ($2. 8 billion) in military support. The European Union has €2. 5 billion in security assistance for Ukraine. https://www. Reuters. com/world/europe/eu-seeks-maintain-support-ukraine-despite-economic-damage-2022-07-18
($1 = 0. 8308 pounds)