Agency institutions and policies in the COVID-19 response: federalism, executive power, and public health policy in Brazil, India, and the United States

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The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic was one of the few occasions that surprised almost one and both governments in the world simultaneously, creating a rare opportunity to perceive how political establishments shape policy decisions. There has been a lot of analysis of what governments have done. , we focus on what they can do, focusing on the company’s institutional policy: how establishments empower rather than restrict, and how they publish policy decisions. We read about first-wave public fitness measures (March-September 2020) in Brazil, India, and the United States to perceive how facility interaction in a complex federal context has shaped policy responses to COVID-19. We located similar concentrated federal executive firm schemes with limited restrictions. In both cases, when federal leadership has failed in public adequacy policy responses, state and subnational states have had to compensate for those inefficiencies without human datory resources.

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