COVID-19 has highlighted socioeconomic and fitness disparities in Brazil, highlighting the importance and shortcomings of the country’s public fitness network, the SUS. This underscores the urgency of addressing the lack of investment in this public fitness system.
This conclusion stems from COVID -19 inpatient mortality in Brazil from 2020 to 2022: a cross-sectional overview study based on secondary data. The study was conducted by researchers Margareth Portela, Mônica Martins, Sheyla Lemos, Carla Andrade, and Claudia Pereira from the National School of Public Health (Ensp/Fiocruz).
Presented in the International Journal for Health Equity, the study reveals that disparities in mortality rates for hospitalized COVID-19 patients were related not only to age organization and case severity, but also to social and regional inequalities and disparities in high levels of mortality. Quality care.
The study used data from public sources and revealed that more than 70 percent of COVID-19 hospitalizations in Brazil were controlled through SUS, benefiting the most vulnerable groups. Conversely, private and philanthropic hospitals, outside of the SUS, most of which are reimbursed through personal health insurance available to more privileged socioeconomic groups, fared better.
Among the macro-regions, southern Brazil had the most favorable performance, while northern Brazil had the least favorable performance. The effects of the study imply higher rates of in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19 among African Americans in all regions of Brazil and among indigenous populations in the North and Midwest regions. Black and Indigenous people who lived in municipalities with lower Human Development Index (HDI) scores and those admitted to hospitals outside their city of residence faced higher risks of in-hospital mortality. death rates peaked at the height of the pandemic, but declined particularly after achieving moderate COVID-19 vaccination coverage, starting in July 2021.
According to the researchers, “the findings highlight the role of the SUS in the delivery of fitness care, as the majority of COVID-19 hospitalizations were controlled through the Brazilian public fitness system. However, the effects also reveal deficiencies in the functionality of the SUS hospital equipment. to the personal sector and, in some regions, even to public hospitals not affiliated to the SUS. These disparities reflect long-standing structural and investment problems.
The study also highlighted increased hospital mortality during the initial wave of the pandemic (April to August 2020) and the subsequent wave (December 2020 to May 2021), with a decrease observed in 2022, despite the ongoing third wave (January to February). March 2021 saw a peak in deaths, coinciding with hospitals operating at or beyond maximum capacity, resulting in shortages of critical resources like ventilators, oxygen, and ICU beds across the country.
“Based on the lessons learned, innovations are needed to better prepare the fitness formula for long-term pandemics or other large-scale fitness emergencies. This includes investing in more fitness infrastructure, expanding the fitness workforce, offering advanced and advanced education to those professionals, as well as getting better pay and working conditions, adding access to protective equipment,” the studies suggest.
For the authors of the article, despite its challenges, the SUS has several advantages that make it essential, exclusive and valuable for Brazilians.
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