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Scientists have shown the first case of coronavirus reinfection in the United States.
An anonymous 25-year-old man from Washoe County, Nevada, tested the infection twice in 48 days, and swabs gave negative results in the middle.
The time the infection is most severe, with the type that needs oxygen in the hospital.
With the patient now cured, scientists at the University of Nevada are under pressure that past exposure to coronavirus would possibly not guarantee immunity, emphasizing that everyone will have to comply with pandemic restrictions.
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This is the fifth known case of re-infection worldwide, and patients were tested twice in Belgium, the Netherlands, Hong Kong and Ecuador.
One expert described the case under review as “very worrying,” while others expressed fear about what a reduction in the immune reaction means for the development of a vaccine.
Several noted, however, that only five cases of reinfection have been revealed, of more than 37 million known coronavirus incidents since the identified outbreak.
Look: Can you recover a coronavirus if you ever had it?
It is the idea that the vast majority of people who succeed over coronavirus have some immunity to a momentary infection, at least the first few months.
While only five cases of reinfection have been identified, Nevada scientists fear that many more have been lost, especially if a patient is asymptomatic for the first time.
Widespread immunity through an effective vaccine has long been hailed as a way to get back to life as we knew it. A potentially reducing immune reaction is a fear and an explanation for long-term research.
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“There are still many unknowns related to [coronavirus] infections and immune system response, however our effects imply that a past infection does not necessarily protect against infection in the long term,” said Dr. Mark Pandori, Principal Director. .
“It should be noted that this is a singular result and does not allow to generalize this phenomenon.
“While additional studies are needed, the option of reinfection may have implications for our understanding of COVID-19 immunity [the disease caused by coronavirus], i. e. in the absence of an effective vaccine.
“This also strongly suggests that other people who have tested positive for [the coronavirus] continue to take serious precautions regarding the virus, adding social distance, dressed in masks and washing their hands. “
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The man tested positive for coronavirus for the first time at a network screening center in April after coughing, fever, sore throat, nausea and diarrhea.
Otherwise healthy, the guy recovered through isolation, with two separate samples taken in May that were negative, scientists wrote in The Lancet Infectious Diseases.
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However, his first symptoms returned on May 31. Five days later, the boy saw his GP for shortness of air.
The patient was sent to the ER after tests revealed his oxygen levels were dangerously low. While in the hospital, he tested positive for the coronavirus again.
Of the five known cases of reinfection, patients in Nevada and Ecuador had more severe headaches at the time.
Scientists questioned whether patients had found a higher dose of re-opposition to the virus.
They may also have become inflamed with “a more virulent or virulent edition of the virus in the context of this patient. “
An antibody-dependent improvement may also have been at stake. This happens when antibodies (proteins that are released after an infection to prevent it from returning) act in favor of infection.
The phenomenon can allow a virus access to cells and even facilitate replication, as has been observed with other strains of the coronavirus and dengue class.
Humans were found to produce antibodies opposed to coronavirus after reinfection, but were first tested.
“We want more studies to see how long immunity can last for others exposed to [coronavirus] and why some of these rare momentary infections are more severe,” Dr. Pandori said.
“So far, we’ve noticed a handful of reinfection cases, but that doesn’t mean there’s no more, especially since many cases of COVID-19 are asymptomatic.
“At the moment, we can speculate on the cause of reinfection. “
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Scientists claim that the virus is highly unlikely to reactivate in the body, requiring a mutation rate that has not yet been observed.
With many patients with mild or no symptoms, it is difficult to examine coronavirus reinfection rates, they added.
“In general, there is a lack of complete genomic sequencing of COVID-19 instances in the US. But it’s not the first time And around the world, as well as a lack of detection and testing, restricting the ability of researchers and public officials to skill in diagnosing, monitoring and downloading genes tracking the virus,” Dr. Pandori said.
In a similar editorial, Dr. Akiko Iaki of Yale, who was not involved in the study, added: “As reinfection cases multiply, the clinical network will have the opportunity to better perceive the coverage and frequency correlates of herbal infections with [the coronavirus] induces this point of immunity.
“These data are essential to understand which vaccines must cross this threshold to confer individual and collective immunity. “
Other experts were involved in the case of reinfection, but under pressure that the phenomenon turns out to be rare.
“I think most of us believe that coVID-19 reinfection was probably maximum or not unusual, as Americans’ immunity degrees decreased after infection,” said Professor Paul Hunter of east Anglia University.
However, the conclusions of the article are of great fear, either in terms of the very short time between the two infections and the fact that the disease is more serious than the first.
Professor Hunter added, however, that we know of five cases of reinfection in millions of incidents.
“We would have expected to have heard of many other incidents if such early reinfections with serious illnesses were common,” he said.
“However, repeated infections occur with other strains and I suspect many more will be discovered in the coming months, as immunity decreases in Americans after infection.
“It’s too early to say for sure what the implications of these effects are for any immunization program, but those effects are the fact that we still don’t know enough about the immune reaction to this infection. “
Dr. Simon Clarke of Reading University agreed, adding that “excessively confident initial predictions” that coronavirus survivors may not be reinfected were “opinions to be made. “
“It is clear that reinfections are possible, but we do not yet know how unusual it will be,” he said.
“This would possibly be a rare phenomenon, however, it is also imaginable that these are the first cases and there will be many more to come.
“If other people can easily become re-infected, it can also have implications for immunization systems and for us about when and how the pandemic will end.
Professor Brendan Wren of the London School of Hygiene
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