A study organization at Osaka Metropolitan University led by Associate Professor Misako Matsubara of the Department of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, and Specially Appointed Professor Katsutoshi Yoshizato of the Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, suspected that the innate immune formula might simply save infection with SARS-CoV-2; the onset and severity of infection with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) depends on age, as does the volume and quality of saliva, which are reduced especially in the elderly.
SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted when the S1 spike protein in the viral envelope binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on the membrane of human cells. Saliva and oral cells are transmission routes for COVID-19 infection. The organization’s studies showed that the saliva of Americans not infected with SARS-CoV-2 (healthy) interferes with the S1 and ACE2 bond in a concentration-dependent manner.
They know 4 proteins in saliva that bind to ACE2 and between those proteins, neutrophil elastase and histone H2A obviously inhibit the binding of S1 and ACE2. Neutrophil elastase and H2A are definitely charged proteins, acting as an opposite barrier to SARS-CoV-2 binding by covering the negatively charged S1 binding of ACE2. The organization of studies also showed that cationic polypeptides such as ε-poly-L-lysine are equally effective in preventing the binding of S1 to ACE2.
This study is the result of a joint examination conducted by the Graduate School of Medicine and the Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences of Osaka Metropolitan University, and Cosmo Bio Co. , Ltd. , and was published online in the Journal of Biochemistry on July 6, 2022.
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