I am a medical scientist and infectious disease specialist at the University of Virginia, where I treat patients and conduct studies on COVID-19.They ask me how I can be sure that researchers will expand an effective vaccine to save you COVID-19.all of us, we still don’t have it because of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.
This is where the existing studies are, where we will be in five months and why it can be positive about delivering a COVID-19 vaccine.
1. Human immune system cures COVID-19
In no less than 99% of all cases of COVID-19, the patient recovers from the infection and the virus is removed from the body.
Some of those who have had COVID-19 may have low degrees of virus in the picture up to 3 months after infection, but in maximum cases, those other people can no longer transmit the virus to others 10 days after their first infection.Disease.
Therefore, it deserves to be much less difficult to make a vaccine that opposes the new coronavirus than for infections such as HIV, where the immune formula fails to cure it naturally.ARS-CoV-2 does not mutate like HIV, so it is a much less difficult goal.for the immune formula or for an Array vaccine
2.Antibodies that target complex proteins save you infections
A vaccine will protect, in part, by inducing the production of antibodies opposed to complex protein on the surface of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.
The virus wants the complex protein to adhere to itself and enter human cells to reproduce.Researchers have shown that antibodies, such as those produced through the human immune system, join complex protein, neutralize it, and prevent coronavirus from infecting cells in laboratory culture..
Vaccines in clinical trials have been shown to have anti-peak antibodies that block viral infection in laboratory cells.
At least seven companies have developed monoclonal antibodies, laboratory-manufactured antibodies that recognize peak protein.These antibodies are entering clinical trials to test their ability to save the infection in which they are exposed, for example, through the family contact circle.
Monoclonal antibodies may also be effective for treatment.During infection, a dose of these monoclonal antibodies can simply neutralize the virus, giving the immune formula the ability to trap and produce its own antibodies to fight the pathogen.
3. Advanced Glycoprotein Various Goals
Complex protein has many places where antibodies can bind to and neutralize the virus.This is good news because, with so many vulnerabilities, it will be difficult for the virus to mute a vaccine.
Various portions of the tip mutate to escape neutralizing anti-spot antibodies. Too many mutations in the complex protein would adjust its arrangement and render it unable to bind to ACE2, which is the key to human mobile infection.
4. We know how to make a vaccine.
The protection of a new COVID-19 vaccine is improved through researchers’ understanding of the possible side effects of the vaccine and how it can be applied.
One side effect observed in the afterlife is accumulation in antibody-dependent infection.This occurs when antibodies do not neutralize the virus, but allow it to enter cells through a receptor intended for antibodies.maximum levels of neutralizing antibodies can be produced, reducing the threat of improvement.
One possible momentary challenge with some vaccines is an allergic reaction that causes inflammation of the lungs, as has been observed in others who won a vaccine opposed to breathing the syncytial syncytial virus in the 1960s, which is harmful due to inflammation of the airspace of the lungs.can make breathing difficult. However, researchers have now learned how to design vaccines for this allergic response.
5. Development of several other vaccines
The U.S. government has not been able to do that. But it’s not the first time Supports the progression of several other Operation Warp Speed vaccines.
The purpose of Operation Warp Speed is to deliver three hundred million doses of an effective vaccine until January 2021.
The U.S. government has not been able to do so. But it’s not the first time It is making a major investment, committing US$8 billion for seven other COVID-19 vaccines.
By supporting several COVID-19 vaccines, the government is covering its bets: only one of those vaccines will have to be effective in clinical trials for a COVID-19 vaccine to be available to Americans by 2021.
6. Phase I and II vaccine trials
Phase I and Phase II trials check if a vaccine is and induces an immune response.Already, the effects to date of 3 other vaccine trials are promising, triggering the production of levels of neutralizing anti-peak antibodies two to four times higher than those observed in other people who have recovered from COVID-19.
Modern, Oxford and CanSino of China have demonstrated the protection of their vaccines in Phase I and Phase II trials.
7. Phase III tests are underway.
In a Phase III trial, the last step in the vaccine progression process, the vaccine is tested in tens of thousands of Americans to determine if it works to save you SARS-CoV-2 infection and whether it is safe.
Vaccine produced through Moderna and NIH and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine began Phase III trials in July.Other COVID-19 vaccines will begin Phase III in a few weeks.
8.Accelerated vaccine and deployment
Operation Warp Speed budgets the production of millions of vaccine doses and supports commercial vaccine manufacturing even before researchers have demonstrated the effectiveness and protection of vaccines.
The merit of this strategy is that once a vaccine is shown in Phase III trials, there is already an inventory of it and can be distributed without delay without compromising the full assessment of quality and efficacy.
This is a more cautious technique than Russia’s, which vaccinates the public with a vaccine before it has been shown and effective in Phase III.
9. Vaccine providers are recently contracted
McKesson Corp., the largest vaccine distributor in the United States, has already been hired through the CDC to distribute a COVID-19 vaccine at the sites (clinics and hospitals) where the vaccine will be given.