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The invasion of Ukraine through Russia, the protest movement in Iran, the point of abortion in the United States – 2022 has been rich at times. AFP proposed a list of the 10 occasions the firm believes have marked the world this year.
Putin invaded Ukraine
On February 24, Vladimir Putin ordered Russian troops to invade Ukraine, plunging the world into a crisis unprecedented since the end of World War II. Vis-à-vis NATO countries that have committed to Ukraine, the Russian president wielded the risk of nuclear weapons. , saying that he was in a position to use all the means of his arsenal.
The war was the largest influx of refugees into Europe since the end of World War II and claimed the lives of thousands of civilians and military personnel.
Putin, who claims to want to de-Nazify Ukraine, found himself far apart diplomatically. The West imposed economic sanctions on Russia that have tightened over time, while supplying arms to Ukraine, which has also been granted EU candidate status.
Eyewitness accounts abound accusing the Russian military of abuse, killing civilians, torture and rape.
At the beginning of the invasion, the Russian army abandoned the siege of the capital, Kyiv, from where Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky makes statements to world leaders asking for their support.
The war also increased the risk of a global food crisis due to the Russian naval blockade of the Black Sea. An agreement reached in July allowed Ukraine to start exporting its abundant cereal production.
In September, Putin announced the mobilization of 300,000 reservists and signed annexation documents of 4 Ukrainian territories occupied after referendums through the foreign network to be false referendums, while the Russian military has accumulated setbacks on the battlefield.
After the withdrawal from the Kharkiv region, Moscow ordered the withdrawal of its forces from Kherson in early November. Russia has introduced a slew of punitive measures against Ukraine’s power grid, plunging millions of Ukrainians into darkness as winter approaches.
Inflation fuelled by the energy crisis
The price surge that started in 2021 due to disruptive retail chains, combined with strong demand for must-have products and after post-Covid economies rebooted, has tripled this year to levels not noticed in decades. Inflation is expected to succeed by 8% in the fourth quarter in the G20 countries, weighing on the global economic expansion and leading to an increase in the cost of business production.
Inflation has been fueled by the war in Ukraine, which has plunged Europe into a deep crisis of power. Russia, Western sanctions, has multiplied punitive retaliatory measures and even hit the EU’s weak spot: its dependence on Russian fuel. Russian fuel exports, especially to heavily dependent Germany and Italy, have fallen sharply.
“The global economy is experiencing its greatest serious power crisis since the 1970s,” the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development said.
The war also led to an accumulation in the value of cereals and, consequently, animal feed.
Due to the current covid-related restrictions, the shortage of microchips, most frequently manufactured in Taiwan, has also spread to many industries.
To keep inflation under control, the U. S. central bank is in check. The U. S. government began gradually raising its benchmark rates starting in March, making borrowing more expensive. The European Central Bank did the same.
U-turn on abortion, conservative wave in U. S. midterm electionsU. S.
In June, the U. S. Supreme Court took a decision to improve the U. S. Supreme Court. The U. S. Department of Health and Prevention granted U. S. states the opportunity to do so. UU. la freedom to ban abortion on its territory, burying the historic Roe v. Wade. Since that overthrow, twenty U. S. statesThey have either banned abortion altogether or severely limited it, and the factor arose among the subjects of the crusade. for the midterm elections in November.
This midterm election did not generate the expected conservative wave through supporters of former US President Donald Trump. Democrats remained in the Senate and Republicans won a narrow majority in the House of Representatives.
Trump has announced his candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination for the 2024 election. The war for the nomination will be fought with several other possible candidates, and will be joined by Florida Governor Ron DeSantis, the rising star of the American right.
However, former President Trump’s candidacy may be flawed by conceivable legal procedures that oppose him. In November, a special prosecutor was appointed to administer two of the many investigations that opposed him.
Political instability and the new monarch in the United Kingdom
After a series of scandals and a spate of resignations in his government, Conservative Prime Minister Boris Johnson resigned in July. Liz Truss officially appointed to succeed him in this position through Queen Elizabeth II. Two days later, the queen died after a reign of 70 years. Two days after the date of his death on September 8, September 10, Crown Prince Charles proclaimed Charles III king.
For her part, Truss, the shortest British prime minister in the country’s fashion history. He only lasted 44 days in power before resigning in turn after triggering a political and monetary crisis with his radical economic program.
Rishi Sunak arrived to force an era of unprecedented instability in the country in late October. He is the fifth British prime minister since the Brexit referendum in 2016. Huge difficult situations await the former banker and finance minister, who is only 42 years old. Among them, inflation above 10%, a declining fitness system. . . And the end of the year was also marked by a series of movements in the country.
Extreme events
The year 2022 has seen an accumulation of herbal bugs related to global warming.
Record temperatures and heat waves triggered a drought and dramatic fires that burned more than 660,000 hectares of forest between January and mid-August in the EU, a record. A record loss of ice mass was also recorded in glaciers in the Alps.
At least 15,000 deaths are similar to heat in the old continent, according to the World Health Organization.
China also broke heat records in August and drought threatened famine in the Horn of Africa.
Fires and deforestation have arrived again in the Brazilian Amazon.
In Pakistan, historic floods linked to unusually heavy monsoon rains have killed more than 1,700 people and forced 8 million people to flee their homes, leaving a third of the country inundated.
If this year’s forecast is confirmed, the 8 years from 2015 to 2022 will be the warmest on record, warns the World Meteorological Organization.
After complicated negotiations, the UN climate convention ended on November 20 in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, with a commitment on aid to poor countries affected by climate change, but also on the inability to set new and more ambitious targets to reduce greenhouse fuel emissions. . . fuels.
Islamic veil rebellion quelled with manpower in Iran
On September 16, Mahsa Amini, a 22-year-old Iranian Kurdish, died in hospital three days after being arrested by morality police, who accused her of violating the country’s dress code requiring her to wear the Islamic veil in public.
His death sparked a wave of protests in Iran. They are from the Islamic Revolution of 1979.
The protests for more freedoms for women morphed into a broader motion opposed to the Islamic regime, which took to the streets, universities and even schools despite repression. Authorities say more than three hundred people were killed in the protests, but Norway’s based NGO says the death toll is at least 448.
China: Xi’s affirmation and the zero Covid strategy
Chinese President Xi Jinping was re-elected in October as head of the Communist Party of China at the 20th Party Congress. He surrounded himself with allies committed to the top tough leader in fashionable China.
During his decade at the helm of his country, Xi demonstrated a willingness to control, infiltrated almost all government mechanisms and state structures, and the issue of external denunciation of human rights.
Tensions in the Taiwan Strait have reached their highest point in years since U. S. President S. U. S. Secretary of State Nancy Pelosi visited Taiwan in early August. China has responded with land and sea military maneuvers that have not been noticed since the mid-1990s. US President Joe Biden has said his military will protect Taiwan. if China invades the island.
The country’s zero-covid strategy, which led to the closure of entire neighborhoods or towns when outbreaks of infection appeared, sparked protests last October on a scale not seen in decades. The government has acted through repression against them, but also in easing its fitness policy.
Different destinations on the right
After 4 years in power, Brazil’s far-right President Jair Bolsonaro narrowly defeated Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, the leftist icon, in the November 30 election after a bitter campaign.
Lula, who in a prison for corruption (in 2018-2019) before his convictions were annulled by the courts, will officially return to the head of the Brazilian state on January 1, 2023. His good fortune turns out to cement the return of Influence of the left in Latin America.
In Europe, by contrast, the ultraconservatives have made resounding gains in parliamentary elections in some countries, starting with Hungarian nationalist leader Viktor Orban’s fourth consecutive victory in April.
In France, Marine Le Pen’s far-right National Assembly made a historic breakthrough in June, the first opposition force in the National Assembly in which President Emmanuel Macron lost an absolute majority.
The nationalist and anti-immigrant Sweden Democrats party was the big winner of September’s election, making it the country’s second-largest political force.
In Italy, Giorgia Meloni won a historic victory in September with her “Italian Brotherhood” party and was appointed prime minister in October.
Hope for peace in Ethiopia
After two years of fighting, the Ethiopian federal government and insurgents in the Tigray region signed a ceasefire agreement in Pretoria on 2nd November ending a war described by NGOs as one of the bloodiest in the world. The confrontation, which has pitted Ethiopia against each other in particular through forces from neighboring Eritrea, opposed to the insurgent government in Tigray since November 2020, is marked by alleged crimes against humanity committed by all parties involved, according to the United Nations. The fighting has forced more than 2 million Ethiopians to flee their homes.
In addition to disarming the rebels, the peace deal allows for the delivery of humanitarian aid to Tigray, which is almost cut off from the world. Its 6 million people have been deprived of food and medicine for more than a year. The first aid convoy since the end of August arrived there on November 16.
Qatar – a World Cup host criticized
Entrusting the organization of the World Cup to Qatar (November 20 to December 18) has triggered an avalanche of complaints against the small Gulf country.
The first Arab country to host the event was criticized for its treatment of foreign workers, LGBT people and women. It has also been criticized for air conditioning in its stadiums at a time of global warming.
The plight of migrant workers, a staple of the country’s machinery, where Qataris make up only 10 percent of the country’s other 3 million people, is being singled out. Some media say thousands of others have died on construction sites, a Doha estimate denies. , saying it will take legal action against Western Europe’s complaint.
Criticism of Qatar has also been expressed in other tactics since the start of the World Cup, through symbolic gestures, such as that of German footballers pretending to be gagged or that of European ministers dressed in armbands with the colors of the rainbow, symbol of the LGBT community.
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